Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Integration for Clinical Application > Basic Dermatology > Flashcards

Basic Dermatology Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What factors should you establish when taking a history or the presenting complaint?

A
  • Initial appearance and evolution
  • Symptoms (particularly itch and pain)
  • Aggravating and relieving factors (triggers)
  • Previous and current treatments (and whether effective of not)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What past medical history should you establish if taking a dermatological history?

A
  • Any systemic disease?
  • History of atopy?
  • History of skin cancer or pre-cancer?
  • History of sunburn/ sunbathing/ sun-bed use?
  • Skin type
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the Fitzpatrick Skin Types

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What family history should you establish when taking a dermatological history?

A
  • FH of skin disease
  • FH of atopy
  • FH of autoimmune disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What social history should you establish when taking a dermatological history?

A
  • Occupation
    • sun exposure?
    • contactants?
  • Is there an improvement when away from work?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 4 things should you do when examining skin?

A
  1. Inspect
  2. Palpate
  3. Describe
  4. Systemic check: whole skin, hair, nails, mucous membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How should you describe skin conditions?

A

SCAM

Site: distribution (rash) or size and shape

Colour (and configuration)

Associated changes e.g. surface features

Morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the ABCD for pigmented skin lesions?

A

Asymmetry

Border (irregular or blurred)

Colour

Diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the different sites and distribution descriptions for dermatology issues?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 different ways to decribe configuration of skin issues?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 different ways to describe the colour of dermatological issues?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 different surface features of dermatology issues?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a macule?

A

Totally flat, different colour to skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a papule?

A

Small and raised - like a spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is ‘patchy’ morphology?

A

e.g. vitiligo / hypopigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a plaque in dermatology?

A

Lots of papules can cause a plaque - raised with lots of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a nodule?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

A fluid filled skin lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a pustule?

Study These Flashcards
A

A skin lesion filled with pus

20
Q

What are bulla?

Study These Flashcards
A

Large, fluid filled vesicles

21
Q

What is an annular skin lesion?

Study These Flashcards
A

A ring shaped lesion

22
Q

What are skin wheals?

Study These Flashcards
A

Urticaria

Usually transient and linked to allergy

23
Q

What are discoid/ nummular skin lesions?

Study These Flashcards
A

Round lesions- red all the way through

(vs annular which are ring shaped and redder around the edges)

24
Q

What are comedones?

Study These Flashcards
A

Either open (blackheads) or closed (white heads)

25
What hair findings may you see in dermatology?
26
What nail findings may you see in dermatology?
27
How do you manage atopic eczema?
* Avoid irritants e.g. soap, fragrance, wool, animal fur * Use emollients (moisturiser) to restore skin barrier * Use topical corticosteroids daily until inflammation clear * mild/ moderate for face * moderate or potent for body limbs
28
What are some major and minor features of suspected melanoma?
**Major:** * Change in size * Irregular shape * Irregular colour **Minor:** * Diameter \>7mm * Inflammation * Oozing * Change in sensation
29
What is molluscum contagiousum?
* A pox virus infection * 2-6 week incubation period * Usually resolves in 6-9 months without treatment
30
What is tinea fungal infection?
A fungal infection caused by dermatophyte funghi Causes a mildly pruritic rash on skin and scalp- associated with hair loss
31
What kind of rash is this? Associated with a burning sensation?
Shingles (Herpes Zoster infection) * Reactivation of virus that has remained dormant in the **sensory root** ganglion from previous chicken pox infection * Elderly and immunocompromised are at higher risk * Associated with burning pain * Duration 2-3 weeks * Treat with anti-virals
32
What are some of the functions of skin?
* Protective barrier against environmental insult * Temperature regulation * Sensation * Vitamin D synthesis * Immunosurveillance * Cosmesis
33
What is erythroderma?
Intense and usually widespread reddening of the skin due to inflammatory skin disease * \>90% of skin affected * Causes: psoriasis, eczema, drugs, cutaneous T cell lymphoma
34
What are some of the complications of erythroderma?
* Total skin failure * Hypothermia * Infection (loss of protective barrier) * Renal failure * High output cardiac failure (due to dilated skin vessels) * Protein malnutrition (high turnover of skin)
35
What are the signs and symptoms of erythroderma?
**Signs:** * Erythematous * Thickened * Inflamed * Scaly * No sparing **Symptoms:** * Pruritus * Fatigue * Anorexia * Feeling cold
36
What are the 4 major cell types found in the epidermis?
1. **Keratinocytes** - protective barrier 2. **Langerhan cells** - antigen presenting cells 3. **Melanocytes** - produce melanin 4. **Merkel cells** - contain specialised nerve endings for sensation
37
What are the layers of the epidermis?
38
What is the average epidermal turnover time?
30 days
39
Where is the stratum lucidum found?
Found in areas of thicker skin e.g. palms and soles of feet
40
What are the components of the dermis?
* Collagen * Elastin * Glycosaminglycans * Provides stregnth and elasticity
41
What are sebaceous glands?
Glands that produce **sebum** through hair follicles to lubricate skin * Active after puberty * Stimulated by conversion of androgen to dihydrotestosterone
42
What is the function of eccrine and apocrine glands?
Regulate body temperature * Innervated by sympathetic system * Eccrine are widespread * Apocrine are active following puberty- found in axillae, areolae, genitalia and anus
43
What are the 3 types of hair?
1. Lanugo (fetal hair) 2. Vellum (short hair all over body) 3. Terminal hair (coarse hair)
44
What are the 3 main phases of the hair follicle cycle?
1. Anagen 2. Catagen 3. Telogen
45
Label the features of the nail

Integration for Clinical Application (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions