Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY > Basic Drugs Condensed > Flashcards

Basic Drugs Condensed Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

Class: Local Anesthetic (amide)

[20 mg/mL]

Dose: 0.5-1 mg/kg

Use: Local

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A

Class: Opioid

[25 mg/mL]

Dose: 12.5-25 mg

Peak effect: 5-7 min Duration: 2-4 hrs

Use: Treat Shivering

90% hepatic metabolism to normeperidine which is renally eliminated

Side effects: Local/Atropine like side effects

  • Block Sodium channels
  • Tachycardia, dry mouth, mydriasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Midozolam (Versed)

A

Class: Benzodiazepine

[1 mg/mL]

Dose: 1-5 mg (.01-.1 mg/kg) IV, Sedation 0.5-4mg IV load then 1-7mg/hr IV, Induction 0.1-0.2mg/kg, Peds 0.5 mg/kg PO

Onset 30-60 seconds

Peak 3-5 minutes

Duration 15-80 minutes

Elimination half time 1-4hrs

Use: Anti-Anxiety, sedation, induction

Caution: hepatic, pregnant, elderly, > narc effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Morphine (Morphine)

A

Class: Opioid

[15 mg/mL]

Dose: 0.1-1 mg/kg

Use: Long Pain Relief (3-4hrs)

Onset: 15-30 min

Caution: < resp, PONV, pruritis (caused by histamine release), Morphine 6-glucaronide metabolite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A

Class: Opioid Antagonist

[0.4 mg/mL]

Dose: 1 - 4 µg/kg

Use: Narcotic Reversal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

A

Class: Cholinesterase Inhibitor

[1 mg/mL]

Dose: 0.04 -0.07 mg/kg

Use: Relaxant Reversal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nitroglycerin (Nitroglycerin)

A

Class: Vasodilator (Nitrate)

[50 mg/mL]

Dose: 50–100 µg

Use: ^ HR, decr BP (treat angina, HTN)

Caution: principally venous dilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

A

Class: Vasopressor

[1 mg/mL]

Dose: 8–16 µg

Use: decr HR, ^^ BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

Class: Antiemetic

[2 mg/mL]

Dose: 4 mg

Use: Treat N/V

Indication: female, h/o motion sickness, nonsmoker, obesity, >narcotics, gastric distension, surgical procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine)

A

Class: Vasopressor

[10 mg/mL (dilute –> 100 mcg/ml)]

Dose: 50–100 µg

Use: decr HR, ^ BP

Caution: Reflex Bradycardia

  1. selective a1-adrenergic receptor agonist
  2. Contraindications: hypertension and use of MAO inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Propofol (Diprivan)

A

Class: Hypnotic

[10 mg/mL]

Dose: Induction: 1–2.5 mg/kg, IV Sedation: 25-200mcg/kg/min, GA TIVA: 100-200mcg/kg/min

Onset–30 seconds
Peak effect 90-100 seconds
Duration–5-10 minutes (dose dependent)
Recovery
–Distribution half life is 2-8 minutes
–Context sensitive half time of prolonged infusions less than 40 minutes

Caution: burns on injection, expires 6-12 hrs, decr BP, egg allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rocuronium (Zemeron)

A

Class: Neuromuscular Blocker (NDMB)

[10 mg/mL]

Dose: Intubation 0.6–1.2 mg/kg,

       Maint 0.1 mg/kg

Onset: 1-2 min Duration: 20-35 min

Use: Paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine)

A

Class: Neuromuscular Blocker (Depolarizing)

[20 mg/mL]

Dose: 1–2 mg/kg

Onset: 30 sec Duration: 3-5 min

Use: Paralysis, RSI

Caution: Malignant Hyperthermia, Hyperkalemia (^bl. K+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atropine (Atropine)

A

Class: Anticholinergic

[0.4 mg/mL]

Dose: 0.4–0.6 mg (up to 3 mg)

Use: ^^HR, NMB reversal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vecuronium (Norcuron)

A

Class: Neuromuscular Blocker (NDMB)

[10 mg/mL - powder reconst to 1 mg/ml]

Dose: Intubation 0.08–0.12 mg/kg

       Maint 0.01 mg/kg

Use: Paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diphenylhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Class: Antihistamine

[25 mg/mL]

Dose: 12.5–50 mg

Use: Treat Allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cisatracurium (Nimbex)

A

Class: Neuromuscular Blocker (NDMB)

[2 mg/mL] 20 mg vial

Dose: 0.1–0.15 mg/kg

Use: Paralysis

Indicated for: Renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Droperidol (Inapsine)

A

Class: Antiemetic

[2.5 mg/mL]

Dose: 0.625 mg

Use: Treat N/V

Caution: Parkinsons, prolonged QT interval, abnormal EKG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ephedrine (Ephedrine)

A

Class: Vasopressor

[50 mg/mL –> 5mg/ml]

Dose: 5–20 mg

Onset: ~1 min, Duration: 3-5 min

Use: ^ HR / ^BP (indirect action)

Caution: tachyphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

A

Class: Vasopressor

[16 µg/ml syringe]

Dose: 8–16 µg

Use: ^^HR / ^^BP

  1. Activates both a and b receptors; higher affinity for B
  2. Route: IM or IV
  3. Duration: half-life of less than one minute
  4. Tx: cardiac arrest, acute bronchospasm and shock
  5. profound bronchodilation as well as powerful increases in cardiac output, blood glucose levels and blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Esmolol (Brevibloc)

A

Class: Beta Blocker (cardioselective)

[10 mg/mL]

Dose: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg (initial dose 10 mg)

Use: decr decr HR

Onset: 5 min Duration: 10–30 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)

A

Class: Hypnotic

[2 mg/mL] (35% glycol)

Dose: 0.2–0.3 mg/kg

Onset – 30 sec, 1 minute peak, 3-5 minutes duration, Elimination half time 2.6 hours
Use: Induction

Indication: Cardiovascular stability

Caution: PONV, burns on injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

A

Class: Opioid

[50 µg/mL]

Dose: 1–2 µg/kg (low)

       2-20 µg/kg (moderate)

       1-2 µg/kg/hr Infusion

Onset 3-5 min Duration 30-60 min

Use: Pain Relief

Caution: 100x > morphine, versed incr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)

A

Class: Anticholinergic

[0.2 mg/mL]

Dose 0.01 mg/kg (0.2 mg/1 mg neostig (1ml/ml))

Use: ^ HR

Indication: Used w/ neostig b/c same onset/duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Class: Opioid [2 mg/mL] Dose 0.5–2 mg Use: Long Pain Relief
26
Ketamine (Ketalar)
Class: Hypnotic [50 mg/mL] Dose: 1–2 mg/kg IV, Onset: 30-60 sec, Duration: 5-10 min 4-8 mg/kg IM, Onset: 2-4 min, Duration: 12-25 min Use: induction, ANALGESIA, No Vent Depression Caution: Emergence delirium, ICP, BP, HR &CMRO2 increase Metabolites: Norketamine
27
Ketorolac (Toradol)
Class: NSAID COX-2 selective [30 mg/mL] Dose: 15–60 mg Use: Pain Relief Avoid in: ketoROLAC (Renal, Old, Liver, Asthma, Coagulopathic) Also not in spinal or for no oozing Creatinine level required: \<1?
28
Labetalol (Normodyne)
Class: Beta Blocker (mixed a1, b1, b2) [5 mg/mL] Dose: 5–10 mg (0.1-.25 mg/kg) Use: decr HR / decr BP
29
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Class: Beta1- blocker [5 mg (1 mg/mL)] Dose: 1–2 mg Onset: 10 minutes Duration: hours Use: decr decr HR
30
Lorazepam
Onset: 1–2 minutes Peak: 20–30 minutes duration: 6–10 hours elimination halftime 21–37 hours
31
Flumazenil
Brand-name: romazicon Class: benzodiazepine antagonist Function: reversal of benzodiazepines Dose: .1–.2 mg IV repeated up to 3 mg Duration: one hour
32
Hydralazine
Class: Vasodilator (Nitrate) [20 mg/mL] Dose: 5–20 mg Onset: 20 minutes Duration: 6–8 hours Use: HTN, Arterial Dilator
33
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Local Anesthetic (amide) [20 mg/mL] Dose: 0.5-1 mg/kg Use: Local
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
34
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Opioid [25 mg/mL] Dose: 12.5-25 mg Use: Treat Shivering
Meperidine (Demerol)
35
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Benzodiazepine [1 mg/mL] Dose: 1-5 mg Use: Anti-Anxiety Caution: hepatic, pregnant, elderly, \> narc effects
Midozolam (Versed)
36
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Opioid [15 mg/mL] Dose: 0.1-1 mg/kg Use: Long Pain Relief (3-6hrs) Onset: 15-30 min Caution: \< resp, PONV, pruritis
Morphine (Morphine)
37
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Opioid Antagonist [0.4 mg/mL] Dose: 1 - 4 µg/kg Use: Narcotic Reversal
Naloxone (Narcan)
38
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Cholinesterase Inhibitor [1 mg/mL] Dose: 0.04 -0.07 mg/kg Use: Relaxant Reversal
Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
39
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Vasodilator (Nitrate) [50 mg/mL] Dose: 50–100 µg Use: ^ HR, decr BP (treat angina, HTN) Caution: principally venous dilator
Nitroglycerin (Nitroglycerin)
40
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Vasopressor [1 mg/mL] Dose: 8–16 µg Use: decr HR, ^^ BP
Norepinephrine (Levophed)
41
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Antiemetic [2 mg/mL] Dose: 4 mg Use: Treat N/V Indication: female, h/o motion sickness, nonsmoker, obesity, \>narcotics, gastric distension, surgical procedure
Ondansetron (Zofran)
42
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Vasopressor [10 mg/mL (dilute --\> 100 mcg/ml)] Dose: 50–100 µg Use: decr HR, ^ BP Caution: Reflex Bradycardia
Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine)
43
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Hypnotic [10 mg/mL] Dose: Induction: 1–2.5 mg/kg Infusion: 25-200mcg/kg/min Use: Induction Caution: burns on injection, expires 6-12 hrs, decr BP, egg allergy
Propofol (Diprivan)
44
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Neuromuscular Blocker (NDMB) [10 mg/mL] Dose: Intubation 0.6–1.2 mg/kg, Maint 0.1 mg/kg Onset: 1-2 min Duration: 20-35 min Use: Paralysis
Rocuronium (Zemeron)
45
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Neuromuscular Blocker (Depolarizing) [20 mg/mL] Dose: 1–2 mg/kg Onset: 30 sec Duration: 3-5 min Use: Paralysis, RSI Caution: Malignant Hyperthermia, Hyperkalemia (^bl. K+)
Succinylcholine (Anectine)
46
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Anticholinergic [0.4 mg/mL] Dose: 0.4–0.6 mg (up to 3 mg) Use: ^^HR, NMB reversal
Atropine (Atropine)
47
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Neuromuscular Blocker (NDMB) [10 mg/mL - powder reconst to 1 mg/ml] Dose: Intubation 0.08–0.12 mg/kg Maint 0.01 mg/kg Use: Paralysis
Vecuronium (Norcuron)
48
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Antihistamine [25 mg/mL] Dose: 12.5–50 mg Use: Treat Allergy
Diphenylhydramine (Benadryl)
49
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Neuromuscular Blocker (NDMB) [2 mg/mL] 20 mg vial Dose: 0.1–0.15 mg/kg Use: Paralysis Indicated for: Renal
Cisatracurium (Nimbex)
50
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Antiemetic [2.5 mg/mL] Dose: 0.625 mg Use: Treat N/V Caution: Parkinsons, prolonged QT interval, abnormal EKG
Droperidol (Inapsine)
51
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Vasopressor [50 mg/mL --\> 5mg/ml] Dose: 5–20 mg Onset: ~1 min, Duration: 3-5 min Use: ^ HR / ^BP (indirect action) Caution: tachyphylaxis
Ephedrine (Ephedrine)
52
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Vasopressor [16 µg/ml syringe] Dose: 8–16 µg Use: ^^HR / ^^BP
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
53
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Beta Blocker (cardioselective) [10 mg/mL] Dose: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg (initial dose 10 mg) Use: decr decr HR Onset: 5 min Duration: 10–30 min
Esmolol (Brevibloc)
54
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Hypnotic [2 mg/mL] (35% glycol) Dose: 0.2–0.3 mg/kg Use: Induction Indication: Cardiovascular stability Caution: PONV, burns on injection
Etomidate (Amidate)
55
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Opioid [50 µg/mL] Dose: 1–2 µg/kg (low) 2-20 µg/kg (moderate) 1-2 µg/kg/hr Infusion Onset 3-5 min Duration 30-60 min Use: Pain Relief Caution: 100x \> morphine, versed incr
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
56
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Anticholinergic [0.2 mg/mL] Dose 0.01 mg/kg (0.2 mg/1 mg neostig (1ml/ml)) Use: ^ HR Indication: Used w/ neostig b/c same onset/duration
Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
57
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Opioid [2 mg/mL] Dose 0.5–2 mg Use: Long Pain Relief
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
58
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Hypnotic [50 mg/mL] Dose: 1–2 mg/kg 4-8 mg/kg IM Use: induction, ANALGESIA Caution: Emergence delirium
Ketamine (Ketalar)
59
# Pharmacology reverse Class: NSAID [30 mg/mL] Dose: 15–60 mg Use: Pain Relief
Ketorolac (Toradol)
60
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Beta Blocker (mixed a1, b1, b2) [5 mg/mL] Dose: 5–10 mg (0.1-.25 mg/kg) Use: decr HR / decr BP
Labetalol (Normodyne)
61
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Beta1- blocker [5 mg (1 mg/mL)] Dose: 1–2 mg Onset: 10 minutes Duration: hours Use: decr decr HR
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
62
# Pharmacology reverse Onset: 1–2 minutes Peak: 20–30 minutes duration: 6–10 hours elimination halftime 21–37 hours
Lorazepam
63
# Pharmacology reverse Brand-name: romazicon Class: benzodiazepine antagonist Function: reversal of benzodiazepines Dose: .1–.2 mg IV repeated up to 3 mg Duration: one hour
Flumazenil
64
# Pharmacology reverse Class: Vasodilator (Nitrate) [20 mg/mL] Dose: 5–20 mg Onset: 20 minutes Duration: 6–8 hours Use: HTN, Arterial Dilator
Hydralazine
65
Dobutamine
1. Selective B1 receptor agonist 2. Commonly used in treatment of shock and cardiac arrest 3. Duration: roughly 2 minutes 4. Acts fairly specifically on the heart (due to limited tissue distribution of b1 receptors); inotropic effects are much more prominent than chronotropic effects (relative to epinephrine) 5. Used in stress tests to reveal cardiac abnormalities
66
Albuterol
1. selective b2-adrenergic receptor agonist 2. treatment of asthma 3. Route: orally or by inhalation 4. Duration: half-life of several hours (relatively poor substrate for MAO 5. Side Effects: tachycardia, elevated blood glucose levels, and skeletal muscle tremor 6. Contraindications: cardiac disease & diabetes
67
Clonidine
1. a2-adrenergic receptor agonist 2. treatment of hypertension, eyedrop solutions to reduce eye irritation (constrict inflamed blood vessels) or treat glaucoma (reduce intraocular pressure) 3. Route: oral 4. Duration: several hours 5. MOA: anti-hypertensive effects via activation of presynaptic a2 receptors in CNS, which suppresses sympathetic activation 6. Side Effects: dry mouth and sedation
68
Phenelzine
1. Inhibits monoamine oxidase activity 2. MOA: indirectly-acting sympathomimetic drugs 3. Route: Oral 4. Tx: depression, due to effects on CNS receptors 5. Duration: half-life 24 hr 6. Side Effects: potentially fatal hypertensive crisis if combined improperly with other sympathomimetics or with foods rich in amines (wine, cheese, beer, chocolate, etc.)
69
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
1. bind to re-uptake transporters (NET) and vesicular transporters (VMAT) to cause reverse catecholamine transport (Indirect acting) 2. Route: oral 3. Duration: half-life of several hrs 4. Tx: attention deficit disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy 5. Side Effects: mild hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia and gastrointestinal problems
70
Pseudoephedrine
1. amphetamine-like drugs that bind to transporters and cause catecholamine release (indirectly-acting) 2. Route: oral 3. Duration: half-life of several hrs 4. Tx: Nasal decongestant 5. does not efficiently cross the blood brain barrier and has few effects on the CNS, which is its major difference from methylphenidate and amphetamine
71
Propranolol (Inderal)
1. non-selective b-adrenergic receptor antagonist 2. Decreases cardiac output by reducing both heart rate, the strength of cardiac ventricular contraction, 3. Route: oral 4. Duration: half-life of several hours 5. Tx: hypertension, heart disease, angina, cardiac arrhythmias and muscle tremor plus the inhibition of B1 receptors in the juxtaglomerular region of the kidney, which inhibits the release of renin 6. Contraindications: asthma, since inhibition of b2 receptors in the lung may cause bronchoconstriction
72
Metroprolol (Lopressor)
1. selective b1-adrenergic receptor antagonists 2. Route: oral 3. Duration: half-life of several hours 4. Tx: hypertension, heart disease, angina and certain cardiac arrhythmias
73
Phentolamine
1. non-selective a-adrenergic receptor antagonist 2. Route: oral 3. Duration: half-life of several hours 4. Tx: pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes massive release of epinephrine and profound sympathetic over-activation (leading to severe hypertension, cardiac problems, etc.) 5. induces severe hypotension 6. reverses hypertensive crisis (patient on MAO inhibitors who consumes too much wine and cheese)
74
Prazosin
1. selective a1-adrenergic receptor antagonists 2. Route: oral 3. Duration: half-life of several hours 4. Tx: hypertension and BPH (the prostate is rich in a1 receptors, which when over-activated in the long-term accelerate cell growth)
75
Yohimbine
1. selective a2-adrenergic receptor antagonist 2. Route: oral 3. Duration: half-life of several hours 4. Tx: sexual dysfunction…mechanism of action is inhibition of a2 receptors in the CNS, so it’s the opposite of clonidine 5. Side Effects: hypertension, sleep disturbances and various CNS effects…it can be dangerous to combine with sympathomimetics (esp. MAO inhibitors)
76
Reserpine
1. binds to the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) and blocks it, thereby blocking vesicular packaging and release of catecholamines (indirect acting) 2. Route: oral 3. Duration: long half-life (36 hours) 4. Tx: Raynaud’s Syndrome (pathological, painful vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the distal limbs)
77
THIOPENTAL
pH - 10.5 **MOA: GABA** –Decrease dissociation –Direct action on Chloride channeL Sympathetic nervous system –Decrease transmission **IV induction dose – 3-5mg/kg** Onset 30-40 seconds peak at 1 minute Duration 5-8 minutes Protein binding–80% METABOLIZED BY LIVER HANGOVER FEELING, Acute Intermittent Porphyria
78
Methohexital
More lipid soluble than Pentothal IV induction 1-1.5mg/kg Rectal 20-30mg/kg Hiccups Previously used for short outpatient cases, ECT, etc. Currently in use due to propofol recalls and shortage of thiopental

PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions