Basic Elements of Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Descriptive Anatomy
A
Individual parts of the body
(homogenous)
2
Q
Gross Anatomy
A
Anatomy of Visible Structures
3
Q
Pathological Anatomy
A
Structural changes related to disease or disorder
4
Q
Developmental Anatomy
A
Structural changes as related to development
5
Q
Neurology
A
Study of the nervous system
6
Q
Supine
A
lying down, face up
7
Q
Prone
A
Lying down, face down
8
Q
Anterior
A
Toward the front
9
Q
Posterior
A
Toward the back
10
Q
Superior
A
Upper, toward the head
11
Q
Inferior
A
Lower, toward the feet
12
Q
Medial
A
Toward the midline
13
Q
Lateral
A
Away from the midline
14
Q
Superficial (external)
A
toward the surface
15
Q
Individual parts of the body
(homogenous)
A
Descriptive Anatomy
16
Q
Anatomy of Visible Structures
A
Gross Anatomy
17
Q
Structural changes related to disease or disorder
A
Pathological Anatomy
18
Q
Structural changes as related to development
A
Developmental Anatomy
19
Q
Study of the nervous system
A
Neurology
20
Q
lying down, face up
A
Supine
21
Q
Lying down, face down
A
Prone
22
Q
Toward the front
A
Anterior
23
Q
Toward the back
A
Posterior
24
Q
Upper, toward the head
A
Superior
25
Lower, toward the feet
Inferior
26
Toward the midline
Medial
27
Away from the midline
Lateral
28
Deep or internal
away from the surface
29
Proximal or central
toward the body or center
30
Distal or peripheral
away from the body or center
31
Sagittal
vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions
32
Midsagittal
Special when cut at midline
left and right halves
33
Frontal (Coronal)
Intersects the sagittal
Parallel to forehead
34
Transverse
Divides the body into upper and lower parts
35
Types of Tissues (4)
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
36
Ciliated Epithelium
(simple columnar ciliated)
Line the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchii
37
Squamous Epithelium
(Simple flat)
line the alveoli in the lungs where oxygen transfer takes place
38
Stratified Epithelium
(compound squamous on top of columnar)
line oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus -Food pathway
39
Epithelial
Formed by closely approximated cells with little intercellular substance
40
Connective Tissue
Connect or bind structures together. Combination of cells and extra-cellular substance
41
Types of Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue
Bone
42
Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)
Found beneath the skin
* Collagen membrane under epithelium
* Adipose areolar tissue = high fat cells
* Fascia surrounds organs and muscles
43
Tendons
Bone to Cartilage
Fibers course in same direction as muscle
44
Ligaments
Bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage
Fibers course in a uniform direction
45
Cartilage
Cushions bones and provides body structure
* Costal Cartilages: rib cage, larynx, trachea
* Nose, pinna, epiglottis
* Vertebrae
46
Bone
* Composed of cells, collagenous fibers, and inorganic salts
* Lots of intercellular substance (**calcium)**
* Lamellar structure (thin alternating layers of collagenous fibers and matrix)
* Covered by periosteum
47
away from the surface
Deep or internal
48
toward the body or center
Proximal or central
49
away from the body or center
Distal or peripheral
50
vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions
Sagittal
51
Special when cut at midline
left and right halves
Midsagittal
52
Intersects the sagittal
Parallel to forehead
Frontal (Coronal)
53
Divides the body into upper and lower parts
Transverse
54
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Types of Tissues (4)
55
(simple columnar ciliated)
Line the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchii
Ciliated Epithelium
56
(Simple flat)
line the alveoli in the lungs where oxygen transfer takes place
Squamous Epithelium
57
(compound squamous on top of columnar)
line oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus -Food pathway
Stratified Epithelium
58
Formed by closely approximated cells with little intercellular substance
Epithelial
59
Connect or bind structures together. Combination of cells and extra-cellular substance
Connective Tissue
60
Loose Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue
Bone
Types of Connective Tissue
61
Found beneath the skin
* Collagen membrane under epithelium
* Adipose areolar tissue = high fat cells
* Fascia surrounds organs and muscles
Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)
62
Bone to Cartilage
Fibers course in same direction as muscle
Tendons
63
Bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage
Fibers course in a uniform direction
Ligaments
64
Cushions bones and provides body structure
* Costal Cartilages: rib cage, larynx, trachea
* Nose, pinna, epiglottis
* Vertebrae
Cartilage
65
* Composed of cells, collagenous fibers, and inorganic salts
* Lots of intercellular substance (**calcium)**
* Lamellar structure (thin alternating layers of collagenous fibers and matrix)
* Covered by periosteum
Bone
66
Areolar Tissue
What Type of Tissue?
Where is it found?
Main type of Loose Connective Tissue
Found just beneath the skin
67
Adipose Areolar Tissue
Type of **areolar tissue** that has high concentration of fat
68
Types of Epithelial Tissue (3)
1. Ciliated Epithelium
2. Squamous Epithleium
3. Stratified Epithelium
69
Ciliated Epithelium Tissue
simple columnar epithelium
line nasal, larynx, trachea, & bronchii
70
Squamous Epithelium Tissue
Simple Flat
Line the alveoli in lungs
71
Stratified Epithelium
Compound Squamous on top of columnar
oral cavity, pharynx, & esophagus
food pathway
72
Muscle Tissue Types (3)
Striated
Smooth
Cardiac
73
Striated Muscle
involuntary or voluntary?
AKA..?
How are they arranged?
Voluntary Control
AKA Skeletal Muscle
Arranged in parallel bundles
74
Smooth Muscle
Involuntary? Voluntary?
How are they organized?
Involuntary
Less organized
75
Point of attachment for least mobile element
Origin
76
Point of maximum movement for muscles =
Insertion
77
Muscles that are Prime Movers are called
Agonist
78
Muscles which oppose contracting muscles are
antagonist muscles
79
Muscles that stabilize structures
Synerist Muscles
80
In nervous tissue-
Dendrites send or receive signals?
Axons send or receive signals?
Dendrites receive
Axon send
