Basic Facts For Mock

Question 1

How has the dalton model changed over time

Answer 1

It’s changed over time because of the discovery of sub atomic particles

Question 2

Describe structure of atom

Answer 2

A nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells

Question 3

Recall the relative charge and relative mass of a proton

Answer 3

Protons relative mass is 1 and charge is +1

Question 4

Recall the relative charge and relative mass of a neutron

Answer 4

Relative mass is 1 and relative charge is 0

Question 5

Recall the relative charge and relative mass of a electron

Answer 5

0.0005 relative mass

And a relative charge of -1

Question 6

Why do atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons

Answer 6

To keep the overall charge neutral as protons and neutrons are oppositely charged.

Question 7

What are isotopes

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element containing the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in their nuclei.

Question 8

What is the mass number

Answer 8

TOP NUMBER- PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

Question 9

What is atomic number

Answer 9

BOTTOM NUMBER-PROTONS

Question 10

How to find number of electrons

Answer 10

Same as number of protons
BUT IF THERE IS A MINY + WITH A CHARGE U TAKE THE CHARGE AWAY FROM THE NUMBER OF PROTONS
E = p-c

Question 11

What’s the electronic configuration number rule regarding shells

Answer 11

2-8-8

Question 12

What number do we use when doing electronic configuration

Answer 12

ATOMIC NUMBER (BOTTOM)

Question 13

Describe some characteristics of a giant ionic lattice

Answer 13

Very high melting and boiling point because of many strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
Solid at room temperature
Brittle
No free electrons so it doesn’t conduct electricity

Question 14

Give example of atoms with a giant ionic lattice

Answer 14

Sodium chloride

Potassium chloride

Question 15

What is an ionic bond

Answer 15

Electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 16

What happens in ionic bonding

Answer 16

Metal atoms give electrons to the non metal atoms.

The metal atoms become positive ions and non metal atoms become negative ions.

Question 17

What happens in covalent bonding

Answer 17

Non metals combine together by sharing electrons

Question 18

Give me an example of a weak covalent bond and describe what it is - properties

Answer 18

Water
It has weak intermolecular forces
Low melting and boiling point
Strong covalent bond

Question 19

Give me an example of a giant covalent bond and describe the characteristics

Answer 19

Graphite and diamond 
Weak forces between layers 
Conducts electricity 
Sea of electrons 
High melting and boiling point

Question 20

Describe characteristics of a metal

Answer 20

Malleable
High melting and boiling point because of strong electrostatic forces of attraction
Sea of electrons- conducts electricity
Organised layers of metal ions

Question 21

Describe characteristics of a non metal

Answer 21

Lower melting and boiling point
Don’t conducts electricity
Good insulator
Weak electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 22

What is sublimation

Give example

Answer 22

Solid that turns straight to a gas without passing through the liquid phase
Dry ice- solid carbon dioxide

Question 23

How does a gas turn into a liquid

Answer 23

Condensing

Question 24

Describe structure of periodic table

Answer 24

Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number in rows called periods
Elements with similar properties are places In the same vertical columns called groups

Question 25

What is a neutralisation reaction

Answer 25

A reaction between an acid and a base

Question 26

What is an acid alkali neutralisation

Answer 26

A reaction between hydrogen ions (h+) from the acid reacting with hydroxide ions (oh-) from the alkali to form water.

Question 27

Difference between pure substance and mixtures

Answer 27

Pure substance only contains one kind of compound/element | Whereas a mixture is a combination of different types of substances and mixtures all together

Question 28

How is chromatography carried out

Answer 28

A spot of the mixture is placed near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper and the paper is then placed upright in a solvent. As solvent soaks up the paper it carried the mixtures with it. Different components of the mixtures will move up at different rates

Question 29

How do identify pure substances from mixtures in chromatograms

Answer 29

A pure substance will only produce one spot on the chromatogram- one colour whereas a mixture will contain many different colours

Question 30

What is distillation | Describe process

Answer 30

Process in which can be used to separate pure liquids from a mixture of liquids. Heat source heats liquids One liquid evaporates, cools and condenses in the Condensing tube. Pure liquid then drops into beaker E.g. Ethanol from water

Question 31

What is fractional distillation and explain process

Answer 31

Separating mixtures into different parts in relation to their boiling points A beaker containing liquid is heated, hot vapour them rises in the fractionating column. The one with the coolest boiling point rises first. Vapour passes into the condenser and then gets released out other side

Question 32

What is fractional distillation used for

Answer 32

Separating crude oils

Question 33

Properties of the small molecules that have a low boiling point Example

Answer 33

Flows easily Evaporates quickly Ignites easily E.g. Petrol

Question 34

Properties of large molecules that have high boiling points | Example

Answer 34

Evaporate slowly Doesn't flow easily Doesn't ignite easily E.g. Fuel oil

Question 35

Water purification steps

Answer 35

Water from source goes into a sedimentation tank where the large particles settle at the bottom and are removed It then goes into a filtration tower which filtrate the small particles. Chlorine is added to kill bacteria Drinking water is stored Still not pure- smallest particles can be removed by distillation and evaporation

Question 36

How did Mendeleev predict existence of properties of some elements not yet discovered

Answer 36

Worked out the atomic masses of missing elements and so predicted their properties from those elements that shared Similar Atomic masses

Question 37

Chemical test for hydrogen

Answer 37

Lit splint is put into test tube if pops and ignites hydrogen is present

Question 38

Test for carbon dioxide

Answer 38

Bubble test gas through limewater and if lime water turns cloudy white then carbon dioxide is present

Question 39

What is Crystallisation

Answer 39

A separation technique that is used to separate a solid that has dissolved in a liquid to make a solution