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Basic First Aid Flashcards

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1
Q

What is considered as one of the most important ways to reduce infection transmission?

A

Hand hygiene

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2
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal
Protective
Equipment

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3
Q

When should we perform hand hygiene?
(7)

A

Before touching a patient
Before a clean or aseptic (sterile) technique
After body fluid exposure risk
After touching a patient
After touching a patients immediate surroundings
Before putting on gloves
After putting on gloves

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4
Q

Which hand hygiene should we mostly use?

A

Hand gel

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5
Q

When shouldn’t we use hand gel as hand hygiene?
(4)

A

When the patient has a known infection
The patient is vomiting
The patient has diarrhoea
The patient is visibly dirty

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6
Q

What is the prompt response to any injury?

A

First aid

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7
Q

What is the aim of first aid?

A

The 3 Ps

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8
Q

What are the 3 Ps?

A

Preserve life

Prevent deterioration

Promote recovery

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9
Q

What is the emergency call in every hospital in the UK?

A

2222

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10
Q

What should we always do when calling 2222?
(7)

A

State whether it’s an adult or child
State the building you’re in
State the floor you’re on
State the department you’re in
Send someone to the department entrance to guide the team
Get the department crash trolley
Move other people out of the area if possible

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11
Q

How many drawers does a resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

4

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12
Q

What does the top drawer of a resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

Equipment for maintaining the airway

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13
Q

What does the 2nd drawer of the resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

Breathing equipment

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14
Q

What does the 3rd drawer of the resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

Equipment to maintain circulation

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15
Q

What does the bottom shelf of the resuscitation crash trolley have?

A

2 drug boxes

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16
Q

What is in the 2 drug boxes at the bottom shelf of the resuscitation crash trolley?

A

Emergency drugs

Arrhythmia drugs

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17
Q

What should we always know about the resuscitation crash trolleys?

A

Where they’re located

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18
Q

What type of resuscitation crash trolleys are found in some areas?

A

Specialist trolleys,e.g. in paediatrics

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19
Q

How often should the resuscitation trolleys be checked?

A

Regularly- daily or monthly

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20
Q

What should we do with the resuscitation trolleys after a crash call?

A

Check and restock the trolley

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21
Q

What does BLS stand for?

A

Basic
Life
Support

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22
Q

How can we prevent blood loss?

A

Apply and maintain pressure to the wound

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23
Q

What should we try to wear when stopping bleeding?
Why?

A

Disposable gloves

Because they reduce any chance of infection

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24
Q

What shouldn’t we do if there’s an object embedded in a wound?

A

Don’t put pressure on the object

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25
What shouldn’t we use when trying to stop bleeding? (4)
Antiseptic ointment Antiseptic wipes Cotton wool Sticky dressings
26
What should we use to dress a wound after bleeding?
A petroleum- based gauze wrap, e.g. Vaseline
27
What are some symptoms of shock? (7)
Altered functioning: confusion, reduced awareness, sleepiness Cold,moist skin Weak heart rate Rapid heart rate Rapid breathing and hyperventilation Nausea Vomiting
28
What are some solutions when someone has gone into shock? (5)
Lay them down and elevate their legs and feet slightly Loosen tight clothing Encourage them to keep still Roll them to their side if they look like they’re going to vomit Seek support
29
What shouldn’t we do when someone goes into shock?
Don’t give them anything to eat or drink
30
What is choking? (S)
Silent
31
What should we do if someone is choking? (5)
Encourage them to cough Give upwards back slaps to dislodge the item Stand behind them and put one hand on their chest and lean them forwards slightly Give 5 slaps with the heel of your hand between their shoulder blades If not dislodged, try abdominal thrusts and call an ambulance
32
What should we do if someone faints? Why?
Lay them down and raise their legs Because it promotes blood back to the brain
33
How can we tell if someone with lighter skin is about to faint?
Their skin goes paler
34
How can we tell if someone with darker skin is about to faint? (2)
Their eyes go paler The inside of their mouth goes paler and less pink
35
What is the scientific word for allergic reaction?
Anaphylaxis
36
What are some symptoms of anaphylaxis? (5)
Skin reaction: redness, rash, paleness Breathing difficulties Swollen tongue Wheezing Dizziness/fainting
37
What should we do if someone’s having an allergic reaction? (4)
Always call an ambulance first Lie the patient down with their legs raised If the patient is struggling to breathe, raise their shoulders or sit them forwards Use an auto-injector (epipen) if available
38
What is anaphylaxis?
An allergic reaction
39
What shouldn’t we let a person who’s having an allergic reaction do, even if they feel well?
Stand or walk
40
Why is an auto-injector used on people having an allergic reaction?
The auto-injector administers adrenaline, which relaxes the airways and blood vessels which allows for easier blood flow and breathing.
41
What are seizures?
Sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain which temporarily affects function
42
Do all seizures involve convulsions?
No
43
When should we do only if a patient having a seizure is in danger?
Move them
44
What should we do when someone is having a seizure? (5)
Cushion their head Note the start time of the seizure Loosen any collars Once the seizure stops, put them into the recovery position Note the end time
45
What should we do once someone has stopped having a seizure? (2)
Put them in the recovery position Note the end time
46
What should we do to prevent someone who’s having a seizure from their tongue blocking their airways?
Put their head to the side
47
What is hypoglycaemia?
Low blood sugar
48
What are some signs of hypoglycaemia? (8)
Trembling Dizziness Sweating Rapid heart rate Easily irritated Tearful Confusion Slurred speech
49
What should we do to someone with hypoglycaemia? (2) Why?
Give them a sugary drink/sweet Give them a carbohydrate snack Because it increases their blood sugar
50
What should we do to someone with hypoglycaemia if it’s diabetes related?
Confirm it with a finger prick test
51
What is hyperglycaemia?
High blood sugar
52
What are some signs of hyperglycaemia? (5)
Feeling very thirsty Urinating more often Weak/tired Blurred vision Weight loss
53
What should we do with someone with hyperglycaemia? (4)
They should take prescribed medication regularly They should avoid starchy and sugary foods They should reduce stress They should increase exercise
54
Which is more likely to be related to diabetes- hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia?
Hyperglycaemia
55
What are the types of seizures? (10)
Simple partial seizures Complex partial seizures Tonic-clonic seizures Absence seizure Myoclonic seizures Clinic seizures Tonic seizures Atomic seizures Status epilepticus Seizure seizures
56
How long should handwashing take?
15-20 seconds
57
What should we do before performing hand hygiene? (4)
Expose forearms Remove all jewellery (a religious bangle can be worn but should be moved up the forearm) Make sure fingernails are clean and short Cover all cuts or abrasions with a waterproof dressing
58
What should we usually use for routine hand hygiene during patient care?
Alcohol based hand rubs
59
How should we take care of our hands? (3)
Dry hands thoroughly after washing hands using disposable paper towels Use emollient hand cream regularly Don’t use communal tubs of hand cream
60
What should we do when we have a cough or cold? (4)
Cover the nose and mouth with a disposable tissue. If unavailable, use the crook of the arm Dispose of all used tissues promptly into a waste bin Wash hands with non-microbial liquid soap and warm water after coughing, sneezing, using tissues, etc Keep contaminated hands away from the eyes,nose and mouth
61
What should we use when we have a cough or cold and there’s no running water or hand hygiene facilities available?
Use hand wipes followed by ABHR and wash hands at the first available opportunity
62
When should we wear PPE? (4)
When we’ll be exposed to blood, other bodily fluids, non intact skin or mucous membranes
63
Why should we avoid overusing or inappropriate we of PPE? (2)
Because it’s risky and harms the environment
64
When should we wear gloves? (4)
When exposed to blood, Other bodily fluids, Non-intact skin, Or mucous membranes
65
When should we change gloves? (5)
Immediately after seeing each patient After completing a procedure/task- even on the same patient When hand hygiene has been done If a puncture in the glove(s) is suspected When it’s appropriate for the tasks being done- substances used, type and duration of contact
66
What is used to clean surfaces or frequently touched areas within the care area?
Detergent wipes
67
What is recommended for routine cleaning?
A fresh solution of general-purpose neutral detergent in warm water
68
What should be used routinely on sanitary fittings?
1 000ppm available chlorine
69
What should cleaning protocols include responsibility for? (2)
Frequency of environmental decontamination Method of environmental decontamination
70
What is clinical waste?
Waste that contains micro-organisms or their toxins that cause disease to humans and other living beings
71
What 3 things is offensive waste NOT? (3)
Clinical waste (it’s not clinical waste) Infectious (it’s non-infectious) Hazardous (it’s non-hazardous)
72
What is a cardiac arrest?
When the heart suddenly stops pumping, which stops blood from flowing to vital organs
73
What are cardiac arrests caused by?
Certain types of arrhythmias that prevent the heart from pumping blood
74
What can the lack of blood flow to the brain caused by a cardiac arrest cause? (3)
A person to lose consciousness A person to become disabled A person to die
75
What is the medical term for a heart attack?
Myocardial infarction
76
What will a patient look like in a cardiac arrest? (3)
No pulse Grey and cold Unresponsive
77
What is the chain of survival? (4)
Early recognition and call for help Early CPR Early defilibration Post resuscitation care
78
Why is early recognition and call for help important in the chain of survival?
It prevents cardiac arrest
79
Why is early CPR important in the chain of survival?
It buys time
80
Why is early CPR important in the chain of survival?
To buy time
81
Why is early defibrillation important in the chain of survival?
It restarts the heart
82
Why is post resuscitation care important in the chain of survival?
It restores the quality of life
83
How do we give chest compressions? (6)
Place the heel of your hand on the breastbone at the centre of their chest Place the palm of your hand on top of your hand that’s on their chest and interlock your fingers Position yourself so your shoulders are directly above your hands Use your body weight and press down 5-6cm on their chest Release the compression whilst keeping your hands on their chest to allow their chest to return to its original position Repeat these compressions at a rate of 100-120 times a minute until help arrives

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