Basic genetics

Question 1

concerning genetic traits in large number of individuals

Answer 1

Population genetics

Question 2

pertaining to cellular organization of genetic materials

Answer 2

cellular genetics

Question 3

father of genetics. one who postulated law of inheritance

Answer 3

Gregor Mendel

Question 4

first Mendell law

Answer 4

Law of independent or random segregation

Question 5

law of independent assortment

Answer 5

states that genes for different traits are inherited separately from each other. allows all possible combination of offspring

Question 6

carried by either parent or both parents but is not generally seen at the phenotypic level unless both parents carry the trait

Answer 6

Recessive trait

Question 7

refers to traits that are not carried by sex chromosomes

Answer 7

autosomal

Question 8

heterochromatin

Answer 8

stains dark bands

Question 9

stains light bands and consists of highly condensed regions that are usually not transcriptionally active

Answer 9

Achromatin

Question 10

the swollen form of chromatin in cells which is considered to be more active in the synthesis of RNA for transcription

Answer 10

Eurochromatin

Question 11

each of the members of one chromosome pair is called

Answer 11

Chromosome homologue

Question 12

male chromosome consists of

Answer 12

X and Y

Question 13

female chromosome consist of

Answer 13

X and X

Question 14

what do you call the 22 pairs from the human chromosome?

Answer 14

Autosomes

Question 15

process of cell division unique to gametes (ova and sperm)

Answer 15

Meiosis

Question 16

is the process of replication in nucleated body cells except gametes

Answer 16

Mitosis

Question 17

process which one strand of DNA is copied into RNA

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

Translation

Answer 18

cellular process in which RNA transcripts are turned into proteins and peptides, the functional molecules of the cell

Question 19

also known as quiescence or resting phase

Answer 19

G0

Question 20

cell not actively in the cell cycle

Answer 20

G0

Question 21

period of cell growth and synthesis of cell components, last for 6-8 hrs / 10 hrs (Rodak’s)

Answer 21

Gap 1 (G1)

Question 22

Period in which nucleolus becomes visible and chromosomes are extended and active metabolically

Answer 22

Gap 1 (G1)

Question 23

Gap 1 (G1)

Answer 23

Cell prepares for cell division by synthesizing RNA and protein

Question 24

time of DNA replication, both growth and metabolic activities are minimal

Answer 24

S Phase (DNA synthesis)

Question 25

centrosome is also duplicated in what cell phase?

Answer 25

S Phase (DNA synthesis)

Question 26

S phase lasts for ___ or ____(Rodak's)

Answer 26

6 or 8

Question 27

2nd period of growth , when DNA can again function to its maximum in the synthesis of RNA and proteins in preparation for mitotic division

Answer 27

Gap 2 (G2)

Question 28

Gap 2 lasts for ___

Answer 28

4 to 5 hours or 4 hrs (rodak's)

Question 29

G0, G1, S Phase, and G2 are all part of what non-mitosis stage?

Answer 29

Interphase

Question 30

Mitosis phase consists of (in order)

Answer 30

1. prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

Question 31

telophase

Answer 31

chromatin pattern reappear, nucelolus and nuclear membrane reappear, chromosomes arrive at opposite poles

Question 32

sister chromatids seperate and move to equatorial plate

Answer 32

Metaphase

Question 33

sister Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Answer 33

Anaphase

Question 34

chromatin becomes tightly coiled, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disintegrate, centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell

Answer 34

Prophase

Question 35

te of a gene in a chromosome

Answer 35

locus

Question 36

always expressed

Answer 36

dominant gene

Question 37

alternate forms of a gene at a given locus

Answer 37

allele

Question 38

equal expression of two different inherited alleles

Answer 38

codominant

Question 39

Opposite antigens encoded at the same locus

Answer 39

antithetical

Question 40

refers to having two or more alleles at a given locus

Answer 40

Polymorphic

Question 41

gene that in the presence of a dominant gene does not express itself ex :O

Answer 41

Recessive gene

Question 42

gene that does not produce any detectable trait | e

Answer 42

amorph

Question 43

identical alleles

Answer 43

homozygous

Question 44

Different alleles

Answer 44

heterozygous

Question 45

gene that suppresses the expression of another gene

Answer 45

suppressor gene

Question 46

Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters." Alleles are different versions of genes that impart the same characteristic.

Answer 46

first law: law of segreagation

Question 47

genes for different traits are inherited separately from each other

Answer 47

second law: law of independent assortment