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Poeran 3rd > Basic Health Care 2 > Flashcards

Basic Health Care 2 Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

invasion of the body tissue by organisms and their proliferation there

A

Infection

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2
Q

the absence of disease-producing microorganisms and being free from infection

A

Asepsis

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3
Q

practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens, also called “Clean Technique”

A

Medical asepsis

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4
Q

practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganism, also called “Sterile Technique”

A

Surgical Asepsis

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5
Q

extends from the entry of microorganisms into the body to the onset of signs and symptoms

A

Incubation Period

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6
Q

extends from the onset of non-specific signs and symptoms to the appearance of specific signs and symptoms

A

Prodromal Period

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7
Q

specific signs and symptoms develop and become evident

A

Illness period

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8
Q

signs and symptoms start to abate until the client returns to normal state of health

A

Convalescent period

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9
Q
  • Refers to microorganism
  • The ability of the infectious agent to cause disease depends on the virulence, invasiveness and specificity
    Ex: bacteria, fungi, virus, parasites
A

Etiologic Agent/ Infectious Agent

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10
Q

-Source of pathogen
-Humans (client, visitors, healthcare personnel)
-Animals (insects, rats), Plants

A

Reservoir

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11
Q
  • a way for the pathogen to escape from the reservoir
    respiratory tract: droplets, serum
    gastrointestinal tract: vomitus, feces, saliva, drainage tubes
  • urinary tract: urine, urethral catheters
  • reproductive tract: semen, vaginal discharge
  • blood: open wound, needle puncture site
A

Portal of Exit

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12
Q
  • way for the pathogen to travel or transfer like direct contact, airborne, droplet
A

Mode of Transmission

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13
Q

This permits the organism to gain entrance into the host
Pathogens can enter susceptible host through body orifices such as mouth, nose, ears, eyes, vagina, rectum and urethra
Breaks in the skin or mucous membranes from wounds and abrasion increase chance for organisms to enter hosts.

A

Portal of Entry

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14
Q

a person who is at risk for infection, whose own body defense mechanisms, when exposed are unable to withstand invasion of pathogens
ex: malnourished children, cancer patients

A

Susceptible Host

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15
Q

involves immediate and direct transfer from person to person

A

Direct Contact

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16
Q

occurs when susceptible host is exposed to a contaminated object such as dressing, needle, surgical instrument

A

Indirect contact

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17
Q

occurs when mucous membrane of the nose, mouth or conjunctiva are exposed to secretions of an infected person who is coughing, sneezing, laughing, or talking
usually at a distance of 3 meters

A

Droplet Transmission

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18
Q

involves the transfer of microorganisms by way of vehicles or contaminated items that transmit pathogens
ex: food, water, milk, blood, eating utensils, pillows, mattress

A

Vehicle Transmission

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19
Q

occurs when fine particles are suspended in the air for a long time or when dust particles contain pathogen
air currents disperses microorganisms which can be inhaled or deposited on the skin of susceptible host

A

Airborne Transmission

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20
Q

animals like rats, snails, mosquitos

A

Biologic Vectors

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21
Q

are inanimate objects that are infected with infected body fluids like contaminated needles and syringes

A

Mechanical vectors

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22
Q

Antibodies are produced by the body in response to infection.

A

Active Immunization

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23
Q

antibodies are formed in the presence of active infection in the body, it is lifelong

A

Natural Active Immunization

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24
Q

antigens (vaccines or toxoids) are administered to stimulate the antibody production
requires booster inoculation after many years
ex: tetanus toxoid, OPV

A

Artificial Active Immunization

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25
antibodies are produced by another source such as animal or human
Passive Immunization
26
antibodies are transferred from the mother to her newborn through placenta or in the colostrums
Natural Passive Immunization
27
immune serum (antibody) from an animal or human is injected to a person ex: tetanus immunoglobulin human (TGH)
Artificial Passive Immunization
28
the single most important infection control practice
Handwashing
29
the physical removal of visible dirt and debris by washing, dusting or mopping surfaces that are contaminated. Soap is used for mechanical cleaning
Cleaning
30
the chemical or physical processes used to reduce number of potential pathogens on an object’s surface
Disinfection
31
complete destruction of all microorganisms and spores, leaving no viable forms of organisms
Sterilization
32
- this method is non-toxic, inexpensive, sporicidal, and able to penetrate fabric rapidly - used to sterilize surgical dressings, surgical linens, parenteral nutrition, metal or glass objects - color indicator strips change color, indicating that sterilization has occurred - check packaging for integrity and always check the expiration date to ensure sterility of the object
Steam sterilization
33
sterilization using supersaturated steam under pressure
Autoclaving
34
a colorless gas that can penetrate plastic, rubber, cotton and other substances.
Ethylene oxide
35
- use to sterilize oxygen or suction gauges, BP apparatus, stethoscopes and catheters - expensive and requires 2-5 hrs to be accomplished
Gas Sterilization
36
- ionizing radiation penetrate deeply into objects - used in sterilizing drugs, foods and other heat-sensitive items
Radiation
37
- effective disinfectants - they attack all types of microorganisms, act rapidly, work with water -inexpensive - used for instruments and equipment such as glass thermometer, chlorine is used for water
Chemicals
38
- this is least expensive for home use - baby bottles boiled for 15 mins
Boiling Water
39
Before handling foods Before and after using the toilet Before and after performing nursing procedure Before and after each patient contact
4 moments of Handwashing
40
on going practices that are observed in the care of the client, his supplies, his immediate environment, to limit/control the spread of microorganisms
Concurrent Disinfection
41
practices to remove pathogens from the client’s belongings and his immediate environment after his illness is no longer communicable
Terminal Disinfection
42
before childbirth
Antepartum
43
during labor/delivery
Intrapartum
44
following after childbirth or birth of young
Postpartum
45
the 6 weeks after childbirth, sometimes termed the fourth trimester of pregnancy
puerperium
46
6 weeks before conception to 6 weeks after birth
perinatal period
47
-is family- centered; assessment data must include a family and individual Philosophy of Maternal and Child Health Nursing -is community- centered; the health of families depends on and influences the health of communities. -is research- oriented, because research is the means whereby critical knowledge increases.
Maternal and Child Health Care
48
frequency of live births in a given population, conventionally calculated as the annual number of live births per 1,000 inhabitants
Birth Rate
49
reflects the proportion of women who could have babies over her lifetime
Fertility Rate
50
death in utero of a child (fetus) at anytime during pregnancy. Reflects overall quality of maternal health and prenatal care
Fetal Death Rate
51
maternal disease, premature cervical dilation, maternal malnutrition
Maternal factors
52
fetal disease, chromosome abnormality, poor central attachmentfetal disease, chromosome abnormality, poor central attachment
Fetal Factors
53
death in the first 28 days of life. Reflects not only the quality of care available to women during pregnancy and childbirth but also the quality care available to infants during the first month of life
Neonatal Death Rate
54
prematurity, low birth weight, congenital anomalies
Leading cause of infant mortality
55
refers to death around the time of delivery and includes both fetal deaths (at least 20 weeks of gestation) and early infant (neonatal) deaths. The sum total of fetal and neonatal rates
Perinatal Death Rate
56
the number of maternal deaths that occur as direct result of reproductive process per 1,000 live births.
Maternal Mortality Rate
57
index of general health, measures the quality of pregnancy care, nutrition and sanitation as well as infant health.
Infant Mortality Rate
58
capable of acting as consultants in their area of expertise, serves as role model, researchers and teacher of quality nursing care
Clinical nurse Specialist
59
supervises a group of patients from the time they enter the facility until they are discharged
Case manager
60
educates women, shares methods of preventing illness (ex: STD/HIV), offers information and counseling of productive life planning
Women’s health Practitioner
61
provides health care to families, takes health and pregnancy history, performs physical and obstetrics examinations, orders appropriate diagnostic and laboratory test and plans continued care
Family Nurse Practitioner
62
skilled to care for newborns both well and ill
Neonatal nurse practitioner
63
prepare with extensive skills in physical assessment, interviewing and well-child counseling and care determines child common illness
Pediatric nurse practitioner
64
play important roles in assisting women with pregnancy and child bearing
Nurse- midwife
65
-(US census) a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption or living together -(allender & Spradley) two or more people who live in the same household, shares common emotional bond and perform certain care providers
Family
66
the family one is born into, or oneself, mother, father and sibling if any
Family of Orientation
67
a family one established oneself, spouse or significant other and children
Family of Procreation
68
consist of 2 people living together, usually woman and man without children
Dyad
69
composed of husband, wife and children. (Advantage: focus on needs)
Nuclear family
70
composed of heterosexual couples who live together like a nuclear family but remain unmarried
Cohabitation Family
71
includes not only the nuclear family but also other family members such as grandmother, grand father, aunts, uncles, cousins, grandchildren (advantage: more resources)
Extended (Multigenerational)
72
are families with children under age 18 headed by a parent who is widowed or divorced and not remarried, or by a parent who has never married.
Single-parent family
73
remarriage or reconstituted family, a divorced or widowed person with children marries someone who also has children (advantage: increase in security and resources)
Blended family
74
comprise of groups of people who have chosen to live together as extended family, relationship is motivated by social or religious values
Communal Family
75
homosexual unions, individuals of the same sex live together as partners for companionship, financial security and sexual fulfillment
Gay or Lesbian Family
76
children whose parent can no longer care for them may be placed in a foster or substitute home by a child protecting agency
Foster Family
77
a healthy family provides food, shelter, and health care for its members
Physical Maintenance
78
involved preparing children to live in the community and to interact with people outside the family
Socialization of family member
79
determining which family needs will be met and their order of priority
Allocation of resources
80
includes opening an effective means of communication among family members, establishing family values, and enforcing common regulations.
Maintenance of order

Poeran 3rd (2 decks)

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