Basic Histology: Muscle Tissues Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

General features of muscle tissue

A

muscle cells are in bundles, and are elongated and oriented with the long axis, with the nuclei parallel with orientation of the muscle

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2
Q

How are muscle cells characterized

A

the ability of the cell to contract

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3
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of muscle cell

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4
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

smooth ER in muscle cells that are specialized for calcium

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5
Q

Sarcolemma

A

muscle cell membrane and external lamina

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6
Q

Contractile proteins in Muscle cytoplasm

A

actin and myosin

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7
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in cell volume from myofibril formation and growth of individual muscle fibers, skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Hyperplasia

A

tissue growth due to increase in number of cells, smooth muscle

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9
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

long mononucleated cells with cross-striations, quick voluntary contractions

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11
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

elongated branched cells with cross-striations, involuntary and rhythmic

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12
Q

Smooth muscle

A

fusiform cells that lack striations, slow involuntary contractions

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13
Q

Types of skeletal muscle

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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14
Q

Epimysium

A

external sheath of dense connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle

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15
Q

Perimysium

A

thin connective tissue layer that surrounds muscle fibers

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16
Q

Endomysium

A

thin layer of reticular fibers that surrounds external lamina of muscle fibers

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17
Q

Sarcomere

A

subunit for muscle contractile, separated by Z discs and have thick and thin overlapping filament regions

18
Q

A bands

A

dark bands with overlapping thick and thin filaments

19
Q

I bands

A

light bands, contain thin filaments

20
Q

Z disc

A

darks transverse line that bisects I band

21
Q

Myofibrils

A

repetitive arrangement of sarcomeres, found as parallel bundles in muscle fibers

22
Q

Types of myofilaments

A

thick and thin

23
Q

Thick myofilaments

A

myosin, binds actin to form crossbridges between thick and thin, and binds ATp to catalyze energy release

24
Q

Thin filaments

25
Types of thin filaments
alpha-actinin, tropomyosin, troponin
26
Alpha actinin
actin-binding proteins that anchor actin to Z disc
27
Tropomyosin
makes filaments that exist in grooves between F-actin molecules
28
Troponin
complex of 3 subunits
29
3 subunits of Troponin
TnT, TnC, TnI
30
TnT
attaches to tropomyosin
31
TnC
binds calcium
32
TnI
regulates actin-myosin interaction
33
Skeletal muscle contraction
muscle shortens because of contraction cycles that move thin filaments over thick filaments
34
What shortens in contractions
sarcomeres
35
Sarcomere relaxed state
sarcomere, I band and H zone are expanded
36
Sarcomere contraction
Z disc at sarcomere boundaries are drawn closer together as they move toward the end of thick filament A band
37
Myasthenia gravis
autoimmune disease that circulate antibodies against acetylcholine, weakens muscle fiber response to nerve
38
Dystrophin
large actin-binding proteins underneath the sarcolemma, maintains its integrity
39
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
mutation in dystrophin expression
40
Features of cardiac muscle
striated, individual cylindrical, central nucleus, linked by adherent and gap junctions at intercalated disc
41
Features of smooth muscle
individual fibers linked by gap junction, no striation, thin filaments attached to alpha-actin, contraction causes cells to shorten individually