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B3 Test (Biology) > Basic Knowledge > Flashcards

Basic Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What stain type is used for an animal cell?

A

Methylene Blue

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2
Q

What colour stain is iodine?

A

Brown

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3
Q

How many first line defenses are there?

A

6

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4
Q

What will antibiotics not work against?

A

Viruses such as colds and the flu

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5
Q

What are enzymes important for?

A

Detergent, cheese making and fruit juice production

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6
Q

What does enzymes separate milk into?

A

Curds and whey

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7
Q

Are curds a solid or a liquid?

A

Solid

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8
Q

Is whey a solid or a liquid?

A

Liquid

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9
Q

Why are enzymes added to fruit juice?

A

To speed up the production to fruit juice

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10
Q

What enzyme is used in cheese making?

A

Rennet

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11
Q

What enzyme is used in biological detergents?

A

Amylase and lipase

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12
Q

What enzyme is used in fruit juice production?

A

Pectinase

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13
Q

What does amylase and lipase do?

A

Helps break down stains in clothing

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14
Q

What type of detergent has enzymes?

A

Biological detergents

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15
Q

What tissue (out of apples, potatoes, carrots, onions and liver) contain the most catalase?

A

Liver

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16
Q

What does the enzyme catalase do?

A

Helps break down hydrogen peroxide in living cells

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17
Q

How does bacterial resistance to antibiotics increase?

A

over-prescription and not finishing the full course of antibiotics

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18
Q

What is stage 1 of antibody production?

A

White blood cells detecting microbes in the blood

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19
Q

What is stage 2 of antibody production?

A

White blood cells produce antibodies specific to the type of microbe

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20
Q

What is stage 3 of antibody production?

A

White blood cells produce many more of the same antibodies

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21
Q

What is stage 4 of antibody production?

A

Antibodies attach and destroy the microbes

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22
Q

What is stage 5 of antibody production?

A

Some antibodies stay in the blood as a memory cell, ready to work if the same microbe gets in the blood in the future

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23
Q

What is used to treat fungal infections?

A

Antifungal treatments

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24
Q

What are antibodies (Made of)?

A

Chemicals produced by fungi

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25
Q

When do we use antifungals and antibiotics?

A

Whenever the body’s immune system can’t protect us from harmful microbes

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26
Q

What is a unicellular?

A

Organism made by only 1 cell

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27
Q

What is a multicellular?

A

Organism made by multiple/many cells

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28
Q

What is 1mm in μm?

A

1,000μm

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29
Q

What do you do to change mm into μm?

A

(…)mm x 1000 = (…)μm

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30
Q

What do you do to change μm into mm?

A

(…)μm/1000 = (…)mm

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31
Q

What is different when viewing something on a microscope? Two answers

A

It’s upside down and back to front

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32
Q

What type of stain is used for a bacteria cell?

A

Nigrosine

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33
Q

What colour is a nigrosine stain?

A

Black

34
Q

What colour is the methylene blue stain?

A

Blue

35
Q

What stain is used for a yeast cell?

A

Methylene blue

36
Q

What stain is used for a plant cell?

A

Methylene blue

37
Q

How many cells have a cell membrane?

A

All 4

38
Q

How many cells have a cytoplasm?

A

All 4

39
Q

How many cells have a cell wall?

A

3

40
Q

How many cells have a chloroplast?

A

Only the plant cell

41
Q

How many cells have a vacuole?

A

2

42
Q

How many cells have a plasmid?

A

Bacterial cell only

43
Q

How many cells have a nucleus?

A

3

44
Q

What cells have a nucleus?

A

Plant cell, yeast cell and animal cell

45
Q

What cells have a cell wall?

A

Plant cell, yeast cell and a bacterial cell

46
Q

What cells have a vacuole?

A

Plant and yeast cells

47
Q

What does a nucleus do?

A

It contains genetic information

48
Q

What does a cell membrane do?

A

Allows substances to pass in and out of the cell

49
Q

What does a cytoplasm do?

A

It’s the site of chemical reactions

50
Q

What does a cell wall do?

A

holds a plant cell shape/structure

51
Q

What does a chloroplast do?

A

It’s the site for photosynthesis

52
Q

What does a vacuole do?

A

It contains dissolved sugars/salts

53
Q

What does a plasmid do?

A

It contains genetic information

54
Q

What are different types of animal and plant cells called?

A

Specialised cells

55
Q

What does a red blood cell do?

A

Carries oxygen around the body

56
Q

Is a red blood cell a plant or animal cell?

A

Animal cell

57
Q

Is a leaf palisade cell a plant or animal cell?

A

Plant cell

58
Q

What does a leaf palisade cell do?

A

Site of photosynthesis

59
Q

What does a nerve cell do?

A

Carries electrical messages around the body

60
Q

Is a nerve cell a plant or animal cell?

A

Animal

61
Q

Is a root hair cell a plant or animal cell?

A

Plant

62
Q

What does a root hair cell do?

A

Absorbs water for plants

63
Q

Is a white blood cell a plant or animal cell?

A

Animal

64
Q

What does a white blood cell do?

A

Fights infections and protects the body

65
Q

What are the 3 types of microbes?

A

Bacteria, fungi and viruses

66
Q

What resources/conditions do microbes need to grow and reproduce? (4 answers)

A

Food, water, warm temperature and a suitable pH

67
Q

What is the respiration process?

A

Something which occurs in cells and releases energy from food

68
Q

What are the 6 first line defenses?

A

Skin, stomach acid, tears, saliva, nasal hair and mucus

69
Q

What is past the first line defenses?

A

Second line defenses

70
Q

What is in the second line defenses?

A

White blood cells

71
Q

What is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infections?

A

Hand washing

72
Q

How can you spread harmful microbes

A

By touching another person

73
Q

How can fermentation in yeast cells be summarised?

A

Food –> carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy released

74
Q

What is fermentation?

A

A type of respiration

75
Q

When does fermentation happen?

A

When oxygen gas is absent in a living cell

76
Q

What are the six uses of bacteria?

A

Converting milk into yoghurt
Converting milk into cheese
Making vinegar
Breaking down sewage
Producing methane gas as fuel
Breaking down plant material for compost

77
Q

What are the six uses of fungi?

A

Making the blue veins in cheese
Alcoholic drinks
Bread making, alcohol as fuel
Used to make Quorn (meat alternative)
Producing antibiotics

78
Q

What is a special feature of a red blood cell?

A

Biconcave shape
Increases surface area
No nucleus - More space for oxygen
Haemoglobin - Carries oxygen

79
Q

What is a special feature of a leaf palisade cell?

A

Contains many chloroplasts to capture light
Large surface area to maximise light absorption

80
Q

What is a special feature of a nerve cell?

A

Long and thin to carry messages all around the body
Insulated for quick transfer of electrical messages

81
Q

What is a special feature of a root hair cell?

A

Long projections
Large surface area maximises water absorption

82
Q

What is a special feature of a white blood cell?

A

Some can produce special chemicals (antibodies) that destroy specific pathogens
Some can digest foreign material before it causes harm

B3 Test (Biology) (1 decks)

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