Basic Life Support Field Guide

Question 1

What is the breathing rate for an adult, child, and infant?

Answer 1

-Adult - 12-20 bpm
-Child - 16-24 bpm
-Infant - 30-60 bpm

Question 2

What is the definition of basic life support?

Answer 2

-The recognition of and initial intervention or treatment given by pre-hospital or in-facility responders to a patient suffering from cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest.

Question 3

What are some responsibilities of a team leader?

Answer 3

-Coordinating all team members.
-Ensuring everyone clearly understands their roles during a resuscitation attempt.
-Making sure that all key interventions are performed in a timely manner.
-Minimizing interruptions to CPR.

Question 4

What is implied consent?

Answer 4

• When the law assumes that the patient would agree to care when an unconscious patient is at the risk of death, disability, or deterioration of condition.
  -Implied consent also applies to patients who refuse care but who then become unconscious and to a patient who is not competent to refuse care.

Question 5

What are the two ways to open an airway?

Answer 5

-Head-tilt chin lift and jaw thrust.

Question 6

How do you perform a head-tilt chin lift?

Answer 6

1.) please two fingers under the patient’s jaw.
2.) play the palm of your other hand on the patience for head.
3.) Tilt the patient’s head back while lifting the chin.

Question 7

How do you perform a jaw thrust?

Answer 7

1.) Kneel or stand behind the patient’s head.
2.) Place both palms on the patient’s cheekbones.
3.) please two fingers of each eye under the patient to draw and pull forward.

Question 8

How do you check the patient’s breathing and circulation?

Answer 8

-Simultaneously check the patient’s breathing and circulation (carotid pulse) for no longer than 10 seconds.
-If no pulse is detected after a maximum of 10 seconds, initiate CPR/AED.

Question 9

What are agonal respirations?

Answer 9

-Agonal respirations are in an adequate and a regular pattern of breathing sometimes associated with cardiac arrest. If a patient indicates agonal respirations he or she is not breathing normally.

Question 10

Adult- Hand position, compression depth, one-responder cycle, two-responder cycle, and compression rate?

Answer 10

-Hand position- Two hands on sternum, compression depth- at least 5 cm (2 inch), one-responder cycle- 30 compressions 2 ventilations, two-responder cycle- 30 compressions two ventilations, and compression rate- 100-120 minutes.

Question 11

Child- Hand position, compression depth, one-responder cycle, two-responder cycle, and compression rate?

Answer 11

-Hand position- One or two hands on sternum, compression depth- 1/3 of chest depth, one-responder cycle- 30 compressions two ventilations, two-responder cycle- 15 compressions two ventilations, and compression rate- 100- 120 per minute.

Question 12

Infant- Hand position, compression depth, one-responder cycle, two-responder cycle, and compression rate?

Answer 12

Infant- Hand position- two fingers on sternum (just below nipple line) or encircling method, compression depth- 1/3 of the chest depth, one-responder cycle- 30 compressions 2 ventilations, two-responder cycle- 15 compression 2 ventilations, and compression rate- 100- 120 minute.

Question 13

What is chest compression fraction?

Answer 13

-Chest compression fraction is the measurement of the amount of time that compressions are being performed. This time is around 80%, with a minimum of 60%.

Question 14

What should you do if you’re performing CPR on a pregnant patient?

Answer 14

-Put a blanket or cushion under the patient’s right hip to help blood return to the heart if doing so does not disrupt CPR.

Question 15

What are the two types of airway obstructions and what occurs?

Answer 15

1.) Anatomical airway obstruction- Occurs when the airway is blocked by an anatomical structure (tongue or swollen tissues of the mouth and throat).
2.) Foreign-body airway obstruction- Occurs when the airway is blocked by a foreign object (a piece of food) or by fluids (vomit).

Question 16

What is a partial airway obstruction?

Answer 16

-The patient can breath but has difficulty.
-Have the patient cough forcefully. If possible, have the patient sit down and lean forward.
-Partial choking can quickly escalate to complete choking; monitor the patient closely.

Question 17

What is a complete airway obstruction?

Answer 17

-The patient cannot speak, breathe, or cough effectively.
-The patient may be able to cough weakly or make high-pitched noises.
-Immediate intervention is required.

Question 18

How to perform assisted ventilations?

Answer 18

-The most common ventilation devices are the resuscitation mask and the BVM.
1.) maintaining an open airway using the head tilt chin lift, or jaw thrust.
2.) give one ventilation: every 5 to 6 seconds for an adult, every 3 to 5 seconds for child, on inhalation, and the second ventilation after exhalation, if the patient has bradypnea (breathing too slowly). On every second inhalation of the patient has tachypnea (breathing too fast).
3.) watch the chest: the chest should just start to rise with each ventilation.

Question 19

What are the jobs of the two responders in high-performance CPR?

Answer 19

-The first responder (A) does chest compressions, and responder B deploys the defibrillator and requests any additional resources that may be required.
-When responder B is available they move the patient’s head to maintain airway patencyand hold the BVM in place. Responder A continues to give chest compressions and squeezes the BVM to provide ventilations.
3.) Responder B checks the effectiveness of the compressions by feeling the carotid pulse (or the brachial pulse in infants) while Responder A is giving compressions. Responder B should provide feedback to Responder A about the effectiveness of the compressions.
4.) After 2 minutes (about 5 cycles) of continuous CPR, the responders switch roles to avoid fatigue and maintain high-quality compressions.

Question 20

What are the elements of effective communication practices?

Answer 20

-Closed-loop communication.
-Designated roles.
-Mutual respect.

Question 21

What is a post-event debrief and what is included?

Answer 21

-Immediately following high performance CPR the team leader should initiate a hot debrief with all the team members. The debrief should focus on what went well and identify any areas of improvement. Debriefs should always be conducted with a positive attitude.

Question 22

How do you perform back blows?

Answer 22

1.) Assume a stable stance behind the patient. Wrap one on the patients chest and then the patient forward at the waist until the upper airway is at least parallel to the ground.
2.) With the heel of your other hand deliver five firm blows between the shoulder blades checking after each blow to see if the obstruction has cleared.

Question 23

How do you perform abdominal thrusts?

Answer 23

1.) assume a staple stands behind the patient.
2.) make a fist and place it on the side-in against the patient’s abdomen just above the navel and well below the lower tip of the sternum (breastbone).
3.) grasp uses with your other hand and give up to five quick upward thrusts into the abdomen, checking after each thrust to see if the obstruction has been cleared.
-Not suitable for pregnant women and may be difficult on obese patients.

Question 24

How do you perform chest thrusts?

Answer 24

1.) Assume a stable stance behind the patient.
2.) make a fist and place it thumb-side-in against the patient sternum.
3.) grasp your fist with your other hand and perform up to five quick thrust, pulling directly back towards you with each one and checking after each to see if the object has been dislodged.