Basic Measurement And Calibration 03 Flashcards by grayson hartwick

Mass def:

The amount of a substance

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Formula for force

Force = mass × acceleration

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Weight def :

Force that attracts a body to earth due to gravity

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Value of gravity (2)

SI : 9.81 m/s^2
Imperial: 32.2 ft/s^2

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Si system unit of force?
Formula?

Newton
Force = kg × m/s^2 = N

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Force, in N for 5.6kg?

F = (m) (gravity)
F= (5.60) × (9.81 m/s^2)
F= 54.9 N

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Density formula:

P(rho) = mass/vol

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Relative density(RD) formula

RD = density of substance/density of water

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Lbf is?
Means?

Pound force
1lb = 4.44824 N

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1lbm means,?
Stands for?

1 pound mass
1 lb = .453592kg

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Formula for pressure

P = F/A. pressure = force ÷ area

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SI basic unit of pressure:
Is equal to?

Pascal
1 pascal = 1 N to 1 sq meter

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1 kpa =

1000N/ 1 m^2

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Master gauges are considered to be _________ because:

Secondary standards because they need periodic calibration against more accurate standard

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Standard atmospheric pressure

101.325 kPa

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Convert 14.2psi to kpa

14.2 × (101.325 kPa /14.696 psi) = 97.9

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Convert 14.2psi to kpa

14.2 × (101.325 kPa /14.696 psi) = 97.9

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Absolute pressure def
read by

Difference between a perfect vacuum and process pressure
- absolute pressure guage

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Gauge pressure def
Read from

Difference between the local atmosphere and processes pressure
- pressure gauge

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Atmospheric pressure def
Read by

Is the pressure due to mass of the air above present location
- a barometer

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Vacuume pressure
Read by

Lower than local atmospheric
-Can be read down from gauge or up from perfect vacuum

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Scalar quantities def:

Are a numerical magnitude only, you don’t need to specify direction

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Vector quantities def:

Involve a magnitude and direction

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Displacement def:

Quantifies the straight line distance and direction from an objects starting point to its final position

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In physics the common way to name a vector is?

Use a single letter with an arrow above it

Primary standard def

Is an instrument calibrated to the national standard, or standard Based on a known physical phenomenon

Average speed def

Total distance an object travels/ total time it took

Instantaneous speed def:

The speed of an object at a given time or instant

Constant ( or uniform) speed def: Its symbol?

Is unchanging speed with no acceleration or deceleration Symbol is s

If an object travels with constant speed, the constant speed is also

The average speed

Difference between average velocity n speed?

- velocity is DISPLACEMENT/ time and has a direction so is avector quality

Speed is a ______ quality

Scalar

Def : Average acceleration is ______

The difference in velocity/ the time it takes for the difference to occur

Average acceleration formula

A = Vr - Vo / t

The standard unit ( formula) for acceleration is

M/s^2

If a pressure unit ends in g that indicates

It is gage pressure

Measured variable is sometimes called

Measurand

Measured variable is sometimes called

Measurand

Lower range value

Lowest value a device is adjusted to measure

Upper range value

The highest value a device is adjusted to measure

Lower range limit

The lowest value a device is capable of measuring

Upper range limit

The highest value that a device can be adjusted to measure

Span def:

The algebraic difference between upper and lower range values

Error def:

Difference between indication and ideal value of the measured signal Error = indication- ideal value

Accuracy def:

The degree of conformity of an indicated value to a recognized ideal or standard value

Zero error def:

Error when the device is operating at the LRV . Ex shows 10 psi but the input is 0

Span error def:

Difference between the actual span and ideal span

Angularity error def:

Increases from LRV to mid and then decreases to URV

Dead band error def:

Range through which an input signal may be varied when reversing direction without initiating an observable change

1 Pascal (Pa) is = _____ 1 kPa is _____

1 Newton applied to 1 square meter 1000 N to 1 square meter

In a link n lever system SAZ is

Working toward "pen" S : span A : angularity Z : zero

Def hysteresis ( calibration)

Same input gives different out put

Disadvantages of flapper baffle/ nozzle

- only handle low volume - "blast effect" as flapper gets closer

What do pilot valves do:

Convert mechanical movement to proportional back pressure

3 categories of pilot valves

1) bleed / non bleed 2) direct acting / reverse 3) single acting / double

A direct acting is normally____

Open

The plug is usually arrow shaped for

Non bleed relays

3 components of pneumatic relays

1) pilot valve 2)pneumatic actuator 3) baffle/nozzle

Pneumatic relays are ____ if an increase in nozzle pressure causes an increase in output pressure

Direct

Are ____ acting if an increase in nozzle pressure causes a decrease in output pressure

Reverse

In pneumatic relays gain is

Amplifcation

What is the industry standard for control pressure

3 to 15 psig Or 20 to 100 kpa

A moment balance has a _____ and is ____ _____

-Fulcrum - self balncing

An angle motion has no ____ and therefore works cause:

- fulcrum Focus that oppose, - lever changes angle across the nozzle

True force balance

Input and output meet head on through direct mechanical means. Gain is determined by diaphragm areas

Linear motion balance

Input moves baffle(flapper) Output moves nozzle

Force balance

When components reach equilibrium they are very nearly in original position

Control devices that get thier energy from the medium they control are

Pressure regulators

What are the uses of pressure regulators

Services where output pressure varies from 10 to 20 % - gas services - fuel gass for burners - instrument air

Spring force calc on a valve

Fs ( spring rate × travel distance) / Fd ( downstream pressure × area of diaphragm)

2 kinds of pressure regulators ?

1) pressure reducing : fed downstream side, NO 2) back pressure: fed on pressure side and fights spring NC

What king of pressure regulator can have output pressure regulated by air supply to top of diaphragm?

Remotely adjusted

Regulators: Symbol shows tap arm on right going into valve

Internal, pressure reducing

Regulators: Symbol shows tap arm on right going into line

External, pressure reducing

Regulators: Symbol shows tap arm to left and into valve

Internal, back pressure

Regulators Symbol shows tap arm to left and into process line

External , back pressure

Verna contracta is

The point in a fluid stream where its at its narrowest and therefore highest velocity

Chart recorder pen color red

Differential pressure

Chart recorder pen color blue

Static pressure

Chart recorder color green

Temp

Chart recorders use helical bourdon tubes because

Greater tip movement ie sensitivity

Chart recorder applications

Ovens Hydrostatic testing Remote non powered gas flow measurement

Slope on impulse lines on s chart recorder

1" per foot

Relative density of water at 4 `C?

1.0

Ph20 density of water

1000kg/m,^3

Ph20 density of water ( imperial)

62.4 lb/ft

A pressure transmitter at the bottom of a tank reads 10psi the relative density is 1.19. What is the height?

H = 10psi /(.433 × 1.19) = 19.41 ft .443 because from ^3 to ^2

Def secondary standard

Calibrated by a primary standard

Def working standard

An instrument used to check and calibrate general instruments

Def traceability

An unbroken chain of comparisons

A manometer is considered a _____ standard

Primary

Pa = Pg + Patm is:

Absolute pressure P Absolute = Pgage + Patmospheric

How would a diode work for temp

Temp up internal resistance goes down

This is a

Transistor