Basic Nervous System Flashcards
(24 cards)
Nerve cells responsible for transferring and processing info (soma, axon, dendrites)
Neurons
- Supporting cells in nervous tissue
- protect neuron
- communicate with neurons
Neuroglia
Functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron
Many processes but can’t differentiate b/t axons and dendrites
Anaxonic
Cell body b/t 2 axon-like processes. Limited to few special sense organs B
Bipolar
Cell body off to one side of axon. Peripheral somatic sensory neurons such as from skin, joints, muscle
Pseudounipolar
Has single axon and multiple dendrites
Multipolar
- control chemical content of interstitial environment
- maintain blood-brain barrier, isolating neurons from general circulation
Astrocytes
Contain cytoplasmic extensions that contact neuronal somas or axons and tie together in Myelin sheath
Oligodenrocytes
Phagocytic cells of CNS that remove waste and debris
Microglia
- line ventricles of brain
- line central canal of spinal cord
- monitor CSF composition (some secrete)
- circulate CSF
Ependymal cells
Regulate exchange of material b/t cell body and environment
Satellite cells
- “neurolemmocytes”
- form myelin sheath around axons in PNS
Schwann cells
- runs in CNS
- ascending or descending
- bundles of axons of interneurons
Tracts
- runs within PNS
- bundles of neuron axons
Nerves
Motor commands delivered by the
Somatic nervous system
Directs activity of glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscle
Autonomic nervous system
Outer layer- continuous with dura mater
Epineurium
Surrounds fascicle- a bundle of axons
Perineurium
Surrounds single axon (with or without myelin/schwann cell)
Endoneurium
Which division of the nervous system carries motor commands to muscles and glands?
Efferent division of the PNS
What structures provide pressure, pain, and temperature sensations?
Somatic sensory receptors
- Perform repairs in damaged neural tissue
- contribute to selective permeability of CNS vasculature
Astrocytes
Provide conscious voluntary control over skeletal muscles
Corticospinal tracts
