Basic Opiate effects Flashcards
Acute effects
Analgesia
Euphoria
Relaxation & Sleep
Reduced sex drive
Tranquilization
Respiratory depression
Decreased Blood pressure
Constipation
Pupillary constriction
Hypothermia
Drying of secretions
Peripheral vasodilation (flushed/warm skin)
Withdrawal
Pain & irritability
Dysphoria & depression
Restlessness & insomnia
Spontaneous orgasm
Fearfulness and hostility
Hyperventilation
Increased blood pressure
Diarrhoea
Pupillary dilation
Hyperthermia
Lacrimation, runny nose
Chilliness and “goosebumps”
Why do these effects occur (Luscher, 2012)
Norepinephrine
Research suggests major clustering of norepinephrine-producing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) are important to withdrawal of opioids.
Levels of norepinephrine and its metabolites are altered during opioid dependence, resulting in somatic opioid withdrawal symptoms (Molando, 1997).
