Basic Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(25 cards)
Why can carbon form so many different compounds?
- Carbon can form four bonds
- Can form different types of bonds
- Ability to catenate
What is an alicylic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon where the carbons are joined in ring structure
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon where the individual carbons are joined in a straight line or branched
What is an alkane?
The homologous series with the formula CnH2n+2
What is a homologous series?
A series of organic compounds that have the same functional group but differ by CH2
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing just hydrogen and carbon
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon with single bonds only
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon containing carbon double bonds
What properties make a compound fit into a homologous series?
- When they have the same functional group
- Same reactivity
- Similar reactions
What is a cycloalkane?
An alkane where the carbons are arranged in a ring
What is the displayed formula?
A formula showing the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds
What is the empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
What is the general formula?
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
What is the skeletal formula?
A simplified organic formula excluding hydrocarbons and leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
What is the structural formula?
A formula showing the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a moecule
Naming organic compounds: Alkane
Formula of functional group: N/A
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -ane
Naming organic compounds: Alkene
Formula of functional group: C=C
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -ene
Naming organic compounds: Halogenoealkane
Formula of functional group: -CF, -CCl, -CBr, -CI
Prefix: Fluoro, Chloro, Bromo, Iodo
Suffix: -ane
Naming organic compounds: Alcohol
Formula of functional group: -OH
Prefix: Hydroxyl
Suffix: -ol
Naming organic compounds: Aldehydes
Formula of functional group: -CHO
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -al
Naming organic compounds: Ketone
Formula of functional group: C-CO-C
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -one
Naming organic compounds: Carboxylic acid
Formula of functional group: -COOH
Prefix: N/A
Suffix: -oic acid`
Rules for naming organic compounds
- Identify parent chain
- Name the stem of the parent chain
- Identify alkyl groups and place them before stem name
- Identify suffix or prefix
- Number alkyl groups and functional groups with the smallest possible numbers starting with functional groups
Structural isomerism
A form of isomerism in which molecules with the same molecular formula have bonded together in different order
