Basic Pharmacology Flashcards
(44 cards)
What drugs are found within the class of benzisoxazoles?
Risperidone and its active metabolite Palliperidone
Name a reversible MAOI
Moclobemide (rMAO-A inhibitor) - reversible MAOIs are preferable given there is less tendency for the cheese reaction
Rauwolfia Serpentina was the natural source of which drug?
Reserpine
(Rauwolfia Serpentina is also known as indian snakeroot plan or Sarpaganda)
Haloperidol, droperidol and benperidol are which class of drugs
Butyrophenones - these are high potency and have high capacity for EPSEs
Delay and Deniker discovered which historical psychiatric drug?
Chlorpromazine
- the sedating antipsychotic delayed peoples cognition and put denks in the mind
Delay and Deniker worked under the supervision of Paul Charpentier
Kane led a trial those proved the high clinical effectiveness of which drug?
Kane - Harry Kane has a high clinical effectiveness
Kane proved clozapine was highly clinically effective - outperformed haloperidol and chlorpromazine in a trial of treatment resistant schizophrenia
Bowden led a trial showing the effectiveness of which drug agent for acute mania?
Sodium Valproate (Divalproex)
Name some pharmacological agents that belong to the class of Thioxamines and what are their side effects?
Zuclopenthixol and Flupenthixol
These agents are moderately sedating, have antimuscarinic properties and extra-pyramidal effects (moderate)
What drugs should psychiatrists be most mindful of the effects of QTc prolongation?
Haloperidol, Sertindole, Thioridazine
What drug used in short courses for anxiety is a 5-HT1A partial agonist?
Buspirone - it is azaspirone
Olanzapine is which class of drugs?
Thienobenzodiazepine
- a relation of clozapine which is a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine
How do secondary amines compare to tertiary amines?
Secondary amines include:
- Nortryptiline, Desipramine, Amoxapine, Protryptyline and Duloxetine
These drugs are more potent mg to mg, have more noradrenergic effects reduced anti-cholinergic and reduced histaminic
Tertiary amines boost serotonin and noradrenaline but have more side effects include:
Amitriptyline, Lofepramine, Imipramine, Clomipramine, Dosulepin (Dothiepin), Doxepin, Trimipramine, Butriptyline
Seizure risk is particularly higher for which type of drug?
Buproprion - it is an aminoketone
Doses < 300mg a day with slow releases decrease risk significantly
Name a drug for the treatment of hypersexuality and paraphilias?
Cyproterone acetate - an anti-androgen prevents testosterone binding to the receptor (testosterone antagonist)
A drug which acts a functional glutamatergic NMDA antagonist but increases GABA-ergic function is
Taurine Synthetic Analgoue - Acamprosate
Name some advantages to Escitalopram > Citalopram?
Less histaminergic side effects
Not potency for QTc prolongation at higher doses
More effective - likely due to removal of more unrealiable R enantiomer
Controversial new treatments for Alzheimer’s have targeted?
BACE1 - beta secretase enzymes
The enzymatic form that converts APP to Beta amyloid plaques
Classify the differential mechanisms of Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine and Memantine
Donepezil - selective and reversible inhibitor of AChE
Rivastigmine - non-competitive and reversible inhibitor of AChE
Galantamine - competitive and reversible inhibitor of AChE
NMDA receptor antagonist - non-competitive
Compare and contrast the pros and cons of common dementia drugs?
Donepezil - better tolerated of AChE inhibitors
Rivastigmine - acts on both butylcholine-esterase and acetylcholine-esterate. However more GI side effects due to peripheral effects and delays amount and rate of food absorption
Galantamine - also a nicotene receptor agonist. More GI and neuropsych side effects than Donepezil. Delays rate but not extent of food absorption
Memantine - also 5HT3 receptor antagonist. Non-hepatic metabolism
Zopiclone belongs to which pharmacological class
Cyclopyyrolone
What may be used to manage symptoms of opiod withdrawal?
Lofexidine - alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
Who discovered Imipramine (1958)
Kuhn - the first TCA that was developed for the treatment of endogenous depression.
Amitriptyline was later introduced
Who discovered Haloperidol from Pethidine?
Janssen - antipsychotics became known as major tranquilisers with benzodiazepines/barbituates known as minor tranquilisers
Janssen later also synthesised risperidone
Who loves cheese
Blackwell - discovered the cheese reaction of MAOIs
