Basic Pharmacology

Question 1

What are Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action

Question 2

What are pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

concerned with the movement of drugs within the body.

Question 3

What are receptors

Answer 3

protein molecule on cell surface/cytoplasm

Question 4

What is an agonist

Answer 4

drug with affinity to a receptor. Binds and causes a response

Question 5

Name 4 examples of an agonist

Answer 5

Endorphins - feel good neurotransmitters
Morphine
Heroine
THC

Question 6

What is an antagonist

Answer 6

Blocks a response

Question 7

What a competitive antagonist

Answer 7

Blocks a receptor

Question 8

Whats a non competitive antagonist

Answer 8

Binds elsewhere to inhibit a response

Question 9

whats a partial agonist/antagonist?

Answer 9

Acts on receptor sites eliciting a partial response

Question 10

Whats an example of a competitive antagonist and what does it do?

Answer 10

Naloxone - Reversed opioid overdose

Question 11

Whats an example of a non-competitive antagonist and what does it do?

Answer 11

Nifedipine - Treat angina/hypertension (calcium channel blocker)

Question 12

Name 3 full agonists

Answer 12

Noradrenaline/norepinephrine - fight or flight response (increases and maintains blood pressure) mainly blood vessels

Adrenaline/epinephrine - fight or flight response (increases and maintains blood pressure) mainly blood vessels mainly heart

Isoprenaline - Increases heart rate and force of contractions

Question 13

Name 4 full antagonists

Answer 13

Propranolol - beta blocker
Timolol - beta blocker
Atenolol - beta blocker
Metoprolol - beta blocker

Question 14

Name 4 partial agonists

Answer 14

pindolol - beta blocker
penbutolol - beta blocker
acebutolol - beta blocker
Buprenorphine - pain med/opioid addiction

Question 15

what is specicifity?

Answer 15

How good a drug is at binding to a receptor

Question 16

What is affinity?

Answer 16

strength interaction between receptor and drug

Question 17

What are beta blockers?

Answer 17

Reduce blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine)

Question 18

What is aciclovir?

Answer 18

Inhibts DNA polymerase - antiviral that treats herpes etc

Question 19

What does ADME stand for in relation to Pharmacokintetics?

Answer 19

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 20

Name 8 methods of administering drugs

Answer 20

Intravenous
Oral
Intramuscular
Subcutaeous
Topical
Inhalation
Transdermal
Intrathecal - spinal canal/cerebrospinal fluid
Sublingual
Rectal

Question 21

Name 8 things that affect absorption?

Answer 21

Gut motility
Gastric emptying
Surface area
Gut PH
Blood flow
Food/fluid in stomach
Antacids
Drug composition and site of admisntration

Question 22

What is first pass metabolism?

Answer 22

Drugs that are completely metabolised in the liver

Question 23

What is bioavialabilty?

Answer 23

The proportion of a drug that reaches systemic circulation

Question 24

Name 6 things that affect distribution

Answer 24

Blood flow
Plasma binding protein
Displacement by antoher drug
Placental barrier
Blood brain barrier
Storage sites - drug accumulatio in fat

Question 25

what does low volume of distribuiotn mean?

Answer 25

Drugs mainly confined to blood adn boy water

Question 26

what does high volume of distribuiotn mean?

Answer 26

Drugs overflowed into surroundin tissues

Question 27

What can affect metabolism of drugs?

Answer 27

Age Genetics Disease process - eg reduced hepatic blood flow Ethnicity Drug interactions Smoking

Question 28

Name 9 ways drugs can be excreted

Answer 28

Hair Faeces Sweat Urine Milk Saliva Biliary Alveolar

Question 29

what is half life of a drug

Answer 29

Time it takes for concentration in body to half

Question 30

Name 4 thigns that can interact with drugs

Answer 30

food supplements other drugs medical conditions

Question 31

What do I need to bear in midn for paeditrics pharmacology?

Answer 31

Extended half life due to reduced renal function Size of liver can be larger relative to body size in older children (eg icnreased hepatic cleaerance) More extracellualr fluids in infants so water soluble drug does need to be higher