Basic Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacognosy

Answer 1

study of the biological, biochemical features of drugs of plant and animal origins

Question 2

Pharmacology

Answer 2

study of drugs and their interactions with living systems, incl. chemical and physical properties, toxicology, and therapeutics

Question 3

Drug

Answer 3

substance that is used to diagnose, treat, cure, prevent, and mitigate disease in humans or other animals

Question 4

Enteral drug

Answer 4

administered orally

Question 5

Parenteral drug

Answer 5

administered intjection or infusion

Question 6

OTC drug

Answer 6

obtained without a prescription

Question 7

Legend drug

Answer 7

needs a prescription

Question 8

Dosage form

Answer 8

formulation of a medication

Question 9

Drug delivery system

Answer 9

releases a specific amount of a drug

Question 10

Controlled substance

Answer 10

potential for abuse and misuse

Question 11

Pharmacotherapy

Answer 11

use of drugs for the treatment of disease

Question 12

Dosing schedule

Answer 12

frequency that the drug is administered

Question 13

Biopharmaceuticals

Answer 13

drugs that are produced by the process of bioengineering involving recombinant DNA technology

Question 14

Toxicology

Answer 14

study of poisons

Question 15

Bioavailability

Answer 15

describes the extent to which a drug reaches the site of action and is available to produce its effects

Question 16

Homeopathic medicines

Answer 16

drugs administered in minute quantities and that stimulate natural body healing systems

Question 17

Dose

Answer 17

amount for just ONE application or administration

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

passive movement of molecules across cell membranes from an area of high to low drug concentrations

Question 19

Enzyme

Answer 19

a molecule that can speed up chemical reactions

Question 20

Metabolite

Answer 20

product of metabolism, maybe an inactivated drug or an active drug with equal or greater activity than the parent drug

Question 21

Half-life

Answer 21

length of time it takes for the plasma concentration of an administered drug to reduce down by half

Question 22

Ionization

Answer 22

chemical process involving release of a proton

Question 23

lipophillic

Answer 23

lipid loving molecules

Question 24

hydrophobic

Answer 24

water-hating molecules

Question 25

electrolytes

Answer 25

small charged molecules involved with homeostasis

Question 26

hydrophillic

Answer 26

water-loving molecule

Question 27

prodrug

Answer 27

drug administered in its inactive form and is metabolized into its active form in the body

Question 28

Metabolism

Answer 28

drug undergoes biotransformation

Question 29

biotransformation

Answer 29

drug is converted to more active, equally active, or inactive metabolite

Question 30

Absorption

Answer 30

process involving movement of drug molecules from the site of administration into the circulatory system

Question 31

First-pass effect

Answer 31

process whereby the liver metabolizes nearly all of a drug before it passes into the general circulation

Question 32

Peak effect

Answer 32

maximum effect of a drug once it reaches its maximum concentration in the body

Question 33

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 33

science dealing with the dynamic process a drug undergoes to produces its therapeutic effect (ADME)

Question 34

Lipid

Answer 34

fatlike substance

Question 35

Distribution

Answer 35

process of movement of a drug from the circulatory system across barrier membranes to the site of drug action

Question 36

Duration of action

Answer 36

time between the onset and discontinuation of drug action

Question 37

bioequivalent drug

Answer 37

shows no statistical differences in the rate and extent of absorption when it is administered in the same strength, dosage form, and route of administration of the brand drug

Question 38

Therapeutic alternative

Answer 38

contains different active ingredients than the brand name drug yet produces the same desired therapeutic outcome

Question 39

Pharmaceutical equivalent

Answer 39

identical amount of active ingredients as the brand name drug but may have different inactive ingredients or be manufactured in a different dosage form

Question 40

Pharmaceutical alternative

Answer 40

Contains the same active ingredient as the brand name drug but the strength and dosage form may be different

Question 41

Elimination

Answer 41

process of drug removal from the body

Question 42

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 42

study of drugs and their actions on a living organism

Question 43

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 43

unexpected drug reaction

Question 44

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 44

study of factors that influence the patient response to drugs

Question 45

Therapeutic Index

Answer 45

ratio of effective dose to the lethal dose

Question 46

Efficacy

Answer 46

measure of drug's effectiveness

Question 47

Potency

Answer 47

effective dose concentratino

Question 48

Affinity

Answer 48

attraction that the receptor site has to the drug

Question 49

mechanism of action

Answer 49

manner in which a drug produces its therapeutic effect

Question 50

inverse agonist

Answer 50

the drug can turn off an activated receptor and turn on a receptor that is not currently activated

Question 51

agonist

Answer 51

drug that binds to its receptor site and stimulates a cellular response

Question 51

antagonist

Answer 51

binding drug that does not produce action

Question 52

noncompetitive antagonist

Answer 52

drug that binds to alternative receptor site that prevents binding of an agonist

Question 53

Partial agonist

Answer 53

behaves as an agonist under some conditions and acts as an antagonist under other conditions

Question 54

bacteriostatic

Answer 54

antibiotic helps immune system attack certain stages of the bacteria's life cycle

Question 54

receptor site

Answer 54

location of drug-cell binding

Question 55

bactericidal

Answer 55

antibiotic kills bacteria

Question 56

broad spectrum

Answer 56

treats multiple bacterias

Question 57

narrow spectrum

Answer 57

treats very few bacteria

Question 57

2nd gen antihistamines

Answer 57

don't cause drowsiness

Question 57

1st gen antihistamines

Answer 57

cause drowsiness