Basic Physiology

Question 0

ATP

Answer 0

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 1

Def. of Exercise physiology

Answer 1

Study of cellular functions in the human body

Question 2

ADP

Answer 2

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 3

What is the creatine phosphate system

Answer 3

The body’s immediate energy storage system used during work that last 1-10 seconds

Question 4

How does ATP/cp system work

Answer 4

CP combines with ADP to replenish ATP because CP can be stored at much high amounts.

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

The breakdown of carbohydrate to pyruvate or lactate to generate ATP
Last from 10 sec to 3 min

Question 6

During glycolysis what determines production of pyruvate or lactate

Answer 6

The availability of oxygen
if oxygen is available the pyruvate is created and then continues on to aerobic oxidation system
If not then lactate is created

Question 7

What are the two components of muscles that define is movement properties

Answer 7

Active contractile component
Or
Passive non contractile component

Question 8

What is active contractile component

Answer 8

Produces tensions through the sliding of microscopic fibers. Which shortens muscles.

Question 9

What is passive non contractile component of muscle.

Answer 9

Tendons, connective tissue and ligaments.

Question 10

What are the 3 types of connective tissue that surround the muscle

Answer 10

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

Question 11

What is endomysium

Answer 11

This sheath serves to electrically insulate the muscle fiber from other muscle fiber.

Question 12

Perimysium

Answer 12

Connective tissue sheath that surround the fasciculi bundles.

Question 13

Epimysium

Answer 13

Wraps entire muscle body together.

Creates shape of muscle

Question 14

What is fasciculi

Answer 14

Groups of muscles fibers that are sheathed together (up to 150)

Question 15

What is a myofibril

Answer 15

Myofibril is the smallest unit of a muscle cell is composed of two filaments
Myosin and actin

Question 16

What is myosin?

Answer 16

The thick filament of a myofibril

Question 17

What is actin?

Answer 17

The thin filament of myofibril

Question 18

What are the three different muscle fiber types?

Answer 18

Skeletal
Cardiac
Visceral

Question 19

What are the different muscle fiber types?

Answer 19

Slow twitch( type 1)
Fast twitch (type II a and type II b)

Question 20

Traits of type 1 muscle fibers

Answer 20

Oxidative fibers
Fatigue resistance and have low glycolytic capacity
Rich in capillaries and myoglobin
Red fibers

Question 21

Traits of type II b fibers

Answer 21

Do not use oxygen
white muscle fibers
High glycolytic and low oxidative

Question 22

Traits of type II a fibers

Answer 22

No oxygen
Pink muscle fibers
Moderate glycolytic
High oxidative capacities

Question 23

Muscle that cuases flexion

Answer 23

Flexor

Question 24

Muscle that cuases extension

Answer 24

Extensor

Question 25

Muscle that cuases rotation at joint

Answer 25

Rotators

Question 26

Agonist- prime mover

Answer 26

Cuases main movement at joint

Question 27

Antagonist

Answer 27

Directly opposes agonist or prime mover.

Question 28

Synergist

Answer 28

Muscle that assist agonist is desired motion

Question 29

Stabilizer

Answer 29

Contract at joint but does not contribute to movement | Used to support joint

Question 30

What are Spurt Muscles

Answer 30

have their distal tendon close to the joint axis, as in the biceps brachii

Question 31

What are Shunt Muscles?

Answer 31

Have their distal tendon far from the joint axis

Question 32

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 32

Shortening of muscle fibers

Question 33

W hat is Eccentric Contraction?

Answer 33

Lengthening of the muscle fibers

Question 34

What is Isometric Contraction?

Answer 34

Contraction of the muscle fibers with no visual movement

Question 35

What is the All or None Principle?

Answer 35

When a Myofiber is innervated by a nerve cell, it contracts totally or not at all.

Question 36

Afferent neurons are?

Answer 36

Carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system

Question 37

Efferent Neurons are?

Answer 37

Carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles or glands

Question 38

What is the Law of Facilitation?

Answer 38

When an impulse passes once through a given set of neurons to the exclusion of others, it will do it again and resistance will be smaller.

Question 39

What is the Size Principle of Recruitment?

Answer 39

States that selection of motor neuron size and the muscle fibers it innervates follow an order of efficiency, from smallest to largest.

Question 40

Healthy Body fat for men and women?

Answer 40

Men 10-15% women 15-20%

Question 41

What hormones respond to resistance exercises?

Answer 41

Testosterone, Growth Hormone, Insulin, Cortisol, and catecholamines

Question 42

Cardiac Output=

Answer 42

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

Question 43

What is Maximum Oxygen Capacity?

Answer 43

The total capacity to consume oxygen in the cells, also called VO2 max, or Aerobic Capacity.

Question 44

What is Recovery heart rate zone?

Answer 44

40-65% of MHR

Question 45

What is Aerobic Endurance Zone?

Answer 45

65-85% or MHR

Question 46

What is the peak zone?

Answer 46

Intensity level above 85%