Basic Principles of Matter

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

Atoms

Answer 2

Compose matter and made up of subatomic particles

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

Positive subatomic particle

Question 4

Electron

Answer 4

Negative particles that orbit the nucleus

Question 5

Ion

Answer 5

Atom with a charge

Question 6

Anion

Answer 6

Atom where electrons outnumber protons

Question 7

Cation

Answer 7

Atom where protons outnumber electrons

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

Substance with the same number of protons & cannot be reduced to a simpler substance by chemical processes

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

The number of protons in an atom

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

When two or more atoms combine chemically

Question 11

Solids

Answer 11

Atoms or molecules are packed close together. Solids are rigid and have a definite shape and volume.

Question 12

States of Matter

Answer 12

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Question 13

Crystalline Solid

Answer 13

Positions of the atoms or molecules are fixed on a lattice

Question 14

Amorphous Solid

Answer 14

Atoms/molecules are randomly arranged

Question 15

Four Types of Crystalline Solids

Answer 15

Molecular, network, ionic or metallic solids.

Question 16

Molecular Solids

Answer 16

Composed of discrete molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces

Question 17

Network Solids

Answer 17

Composed of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 18

Ionic Solids

Answer 18

Composed of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds

Question 19

Metallic Solids

Answer 19

Composed of metal atoms bound together by metallic bonds.

Question 20

What is the main difference between the four types of crystalline solids?

Answer 20

The difference is due to the the bond types that hold together the atoms.

Question 21

Liquid State

Answer 21

Particles are not tightly bound and take the shape of the container. They have a definite volume and can flow & change shape depending on the container.

Question 22

Two Special Properties of Liquids

Answer 22

Surface tension & viscosity

Question 23

Surface Tension

Answer 23

Force attraction by the particles at the surface by the bulk of the liquid, which results in the minimum surface area.

Question 24

Viscosity

Answer 24

Internal resistance that inhibits the flow of liquids

Question 25

Gas

Answer 25

Force between particles is weak. There is not a defined shape or volume. It expands to take shape of a closed container. Fast particle movement.

Question 26

Plasma

Answer 26

Ionized gas, where electrons become free from the atoms or molecules, allowing electrons and positive ions to coexist.

Question 27

Can plasma be found in natural settings?

Answer 27

Yes. Think stars & lightning.

Question 28

Ice vs. Other Solids

Answer 28

In ice the particles are farther apart than in the liquid form. This special property means ice is less dense than water & causes ice to float. Ice also takes up more space than water.

Question 29

Special Water Properties

Answer 29

``` High boiling point High freezing point High heat capacity Cohesive Adhesive (attracted to other substances) ```

Question 30

Water Cohesive Property is Important Because..

Answer 30

This causes water molecules to be attracted to each other. Cohesion causes surface tension.

Question 31

Capillary Action

Answer 31

Process by which water climbs against gravity in narrow spaces such as glass tubes and plant xylem. This is due to water's adhesion property.