Basic Principles of the U.S. Constitution

Question 1

What event is referred to as the Nullification Crisis?

Answer 1

A conflict in the early 1830s in South Carolina over federal tariffs.

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Question 2

During whose presidency did the Nullification Crisis occur?

Answer 2

Andrew Jackson

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Question 3

What economic situation affected South Carolina in the 1820s?

Answer 3

An economic downturn

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Question 4

What national policy did South Carolina politicians blame for the economic downturn?

Answer 4

The national tariff policy

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Question 5

What was the purpose of the national tariff policy enacted after the War of 1812?

Answer 5

To help Northern manufacturing industries compete against European manufacturers.

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Question 6

What action did South Carolina take regarding federal tariffs?

Answer 6

Refused to enforce them, declaring them unconstitutional.

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Question 7

What was the Force Bill?

Answer 7

A law allowing the president to use force to enforce federal laws.

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Question 8

What did the Force Bill state about state obstruction of federal laws?

Answer 8

The president has the right to use all force necessary to oppose it.

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Question 9

How did South Carolina respond to the Force Bill?

Answer 9

By passing a nullification ordinance against it.

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Question 10

What principle of government was central to the Nullification Crisis?

Answer 10

Federalism

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Question 11

What was the outcome of the Nullification Crisis?

Answer 11

The passage of the Tariff of 1833, which involved compromises from both sides.

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Question 12

How did the Tariff of 1833 resolve the conflict?

Answer 12

South Carolina agreed to enforce tariffs, and the federal government agreed to reduce rates.

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Question 13

True or False: The Anti-Federalists supported the Force Bill.

Answer 13

False

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Question 14

Fill in the blank: The principle of government that emphasizes the division of power between state and federal authorities is called _______.

Answer 14

federalism

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Question 15

What did the Force Bill represent in terms of federal power?

Answer 15

An expansion of federal government power relative to state governments.

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Question 16

Which amendments are known for addressing the aftermath of the Civil War?

Answer 16

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.

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Question 17

What did the 24th Amendment guarantee?

Answer 17

The right to vote regardless of poll tax payment.

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Question 18

Who does the 24th Amendment aim to protect?

Answer 18

Poor citizens

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Question 19

Fill in the blank:

The Nullification Crisis highlighted the tension between state rights and ???

Answer 19

federal authority

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Question 20

What was the primary concern of the Anti-Federalists regarding the federal government?

Answer 20

That it would become too powerful.

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Question 21

What did the excerpt from South Carolina’s Ordinance of Nullification claim about the Force Bill?

Answer 21

It was unauthorized by the Constitution and deemed null and void.

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Question 22

What was the main argument of Federalists during the ratification debate?

Answer 22

That the Constitution would address weaknesses of the prior system.

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Question 23

Section 3 of the 25th Amendment is shown.

Whenever the President transmits . . . his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office . . . such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.

What does this amendment establish that had previously been undefined in the Constitution?

Answer 23

a process for addressing a temporary disability of the president

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Question 24

How was the U.S. Constitution amended to expand participation in federal elections to the District of Columbia?

Answer 24

By granting representation in the Electoral College.

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Question 25

What did the Tariff of 1833 signify about the relationship between the federal government and South Carolina?

Answer 25

A compromise where both sides made concessions. ## Footnote GOV.4

Question 26

What does the 24th Amendment guarantee?

Answer 26

The right to vote regardless of whether or not they have paid a poll tax. ## Footnote GOV.10

Question 27

What were the Reconstruction Amendments created to provide?

Answer 27

Constitutional protections for African Americans after the end of the Civil War. ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 28

Why were the protections of the Reconstruction Amendments limited?

Answer 28

Some state governments enacted legislation that enforced racial segregation. ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 29

What are two ways the Bill of Rights provides protection for individuals accused of a crime? * It establishes the right to bear arms. * It establishes the right to freedom of religion. * It establishes protection against self-incrimination. * It establishes protection against prosecution in other countries. * It establishes protection against cruel and unusual punishment.

Answer 29

* It establishes protection against self-incrimination. * It establishes protection against cruel and unusual punishment. ## Footnote GOV.8

Question 30

The 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is shown. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. **What was the goal of those who supported the passage of the 10th Amendment?**

Answer 30

To limit the power of the federal government.

Question 31

Which group believed that the Supremacy Clause placed too much power in the national government?

Answer 31

Anti-Federalists. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 32

What was an Anti-Federalist concern addressed by the amendment regarding the right to a speedy and public trial?

Answer 32

The Constitution failed to adequately protect the civil liberties of individuals. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 33

How did the Reconstruction Amendments expand African Americans' ability to participate in the political process?

Answer 33

by removing an economic barrier that prevented many African Americans from voting ## Footnote GOV.10

Question 34

A flaw in the Electoral College became clear when conflict arose during the election of President Thomas Jefferson in 1800. How did a constitutional amendment alter how the president and vice president are elected in the Electoral College?

Answer 34

Electors vote for a candidate for president and a candidate for vice president separately. ## Footnote GOV.11

Question 35

What was the immediate impact of the Reconstruction Amendments?

Answer 35

They granted citizenship to African Americans. ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 36

Identify the groups that gained the right to vote as a result of constitutional amendments.

Answer 36

* Former slaves * The poor * African Americans * Women * 18-year-olds ## Footnote GOV.10

Question 37

What was one way the Constitution was amended to address African American inequality during Reconstruction?

Answer 37

By extending citizenship to former slaves. ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 38

Two constitutional amendments are shown. **15th Amendment** *Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.* **24th Amendment** *Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.* **What was the result of the addition of these amendments to the U.S. Constitution?**

Answer 38

Civil rights were extended to disenfranchised groups. ## Footnote GOV.10

Question 39

How did a constitutional amendment alter an aspect of the Electoral College?

Answer 39

The District of Columbia was granted electoral votes despite not being a state. ## Footnote GOV.11

Question 40

*Amendment 3: No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. * **What was the effect of this amendment?**

Answer 40

The protection of individual rights. AND by placing limits on the power of the federal government ## Footnote GOV.8

Question 41

What did the Anti-Federalists advocate for during the debate over the ratification of the Constitution?

Answer 41

limited government Anti-Federalists believed in restricting the powers of the federal government to protect individual liberties. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 42

Which parts of the U.S. Constitution would the Anti-Federalists have opposed?

Answer 42

No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation * The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States * This Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land These provisions allowed for a stronger central government than the Anti-Federalists envisioned. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 43

What was the original Federalist position on the Bill of Rights?

Answer 43

No amendments were needed, as the Constitution already had protections against excessive government power Federalists believed the structure of the Constitution was sufficient to guard against tyranny. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 44

Why did Federalists want to include the Necessary and Proper Clause in the Constitution?

Answer 44

to allow the national government to efficiently run the country This clause provides flexibility in the powers of Congress. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 45

What does the 4th Amendment protect against?

Answer 45

unreasonable searches and seizures It safeguards the privacy of individuals. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 46

What rights does the 6th Amendment guarantee?

Answer 46

the right to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, and assistance of counsel These rights ensure fairness in criminal prosecutions. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 47

What does the 10th Amendment state?

Answer 47

the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution are reserved to the States or to the people This amendment emphasizes the principle of federalism. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 48

How does the 9th Amendment address Federalist concerns about a bill of rights?

Answer 48

It ensured that guaranteeing some rights would not lead to other rights being violated This amendment clarifies that the enumeration of certain rights does not deny others. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 49

What concept was central to the Anti-Federalist position?

Answer 49

limited government Anti-Federalists argued against a strong central government. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 50

Which issue does the 6th Amendment address?

Answer 50

rights of the accused It ensures protections during criminal prosecutions. ## Footnote GOV.8

Question 51

What was a key argument of the Federalists about the Constitution?

Answer 51

A strong central government was necessary to maintain order and govern effectively. Federalists believed in a balance of power. ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 52

How did some states limit protections provided by the Reconstruction Amendments?

Answer 52

By passing Jim Crow laws that enforced the policy of racial segregation. ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 53

What were two reasons for adding the Bill of Rights to the Constitution?

Answer 53

* To check the power of the federal government * To protect the civil liberties of individual citizens ## Footnote GOV.6

Question 54

What problem did the 13th Amendment address?

Answer 54

Slavery was still legal in many parts of the United States. ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 55

What issue did the 14th Amendment aim to resolve?

Answer 55

African Americans who had been freed did not have equal protection of the law. ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 56

What right did the 15th Amendment guarantee?

Answer 56

African-American men did not have the right to vote. ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 57

# Fill in the blank: The Reconstruction Amendments are the ??? .

Answer 57

13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 58

How did the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments address the aftermath of the Civil War?

Answer 58

by extending freedoms and rights to African Americans ## Footnote GOV.9

Question 59

Which action is a violation of the First Amendment? * A citizen’s house is searched without a warrant. * An individual is put on trial twice for the same crime. * A person is forced to testify against himself or herself in court. * A reporter is arrested for writing an article that criticizes the government.

Answer 59

A reporter is arrested for writing an article that criticizes the government. ## Footnote GOV.8