Basic Requirements of Specialty Piping Systems - Part B

Question 1

What variation of the NPT thread format was introduced to overcome the problem of spiral leakage?

Answer 1

Dry seal threads

Question 2

How is the net positive suction head of the transfer pumps in a tank farm maximized?

Answer 2

Locate the pump near the tank

Question 3

What process may be required to internally blast away any surface rust and flaking inside the piping in a hydraulic or lube oil system?

Answer 3

Hydroblasting

Question 4

What is the purpose of berms and dikes immediately around the tanks?

Answer 4

To protect the surrounding area in case of a major rupture

Question 5

What is the purpose for using double-wall containment systems?

Answer 5

To protect the environment from the fluids that might leak from the piping system

Question 6

What is the effect of differences in temperature between the process system and the secondary containment system?

Answer 6

It creates different rates of expansion and contraction with the corresponding stresses and strains imposed at anchor points

Question 7

Why is it less practicable to install a 3” welded ell inside a 4” casing elbow than it is to install a 4” welded ell inside a 6” casing elbow?

Answer 7

A 4” 90° LR welded ell in a 6” 90° SR ell sits centered, while there is no commercial welded ell configuration that allows this with a 3” 90° inside a 4” 90°

Question 8

What may be done if it is not practicable to fit a manufactured elbow of the containment pipe system over the elbow of the primary pipe on a welded double pipe system?

Answer 8

Mitered elbows can be fabricated to encase the primary pipe on the center line by making sure a 3 piece mitered 90° the same centerline radius as the primary elbow

Question 9

If the escape of a moderate amount of vapor does not constitute a hazard, how should the gravity drainage secondary system be vented?

Answer 9

To the atmosphere on the upstream end of the secondary system

Question 10

What is done with a fully enclosed containment system to sense product leaks?

Answer 10

Install probe points in each segment

Question 11

What is the purpose of the weldolets or the clamshell around the flanges on a container pipe?

Answer 11

For the installation of sensing probes, or the attachment of a vent or drain

Question 12

What is used to connect the primary pipe inside a spill tank with the line to the engine or boiler fuel tanks?

Answer 12

A bulkhead fitting through the wall of the spill tank

Question 13

Where are fully closed containment systems required?

Answer 13

Where the primary pipe is carrying highly volatile, reactant, or toxic fluids

Question 14

What is involved in choosing the best material for a service?

Answer 14

Consideration of factors such as cost, availability, life expectancy, and practicable installation procedures

Question 15

What is likely to occur if fluid becomes contaminated in lubricating and hydraulic systems?

Answer 15

Component malfunction, improper seating, wear in components, and an increase in response time of the servo valves

Question 16

Why is it necessary to maintain complete separation of the oils by the use of separate facilities for each type of oil?

Answer 16

Due to the special purification requirements of each type of oil

Question 17

What could be caused by too much water in a circulating lube oil system?

Answer 17

Loss of film oil strength, rusting, and other serious mechanical problems

Question 18

What problems would be caused by excess water in a hydraulic system?

Answer 18

Vaporic pump cavitation, corrosion, and valve malfunction due to freezing

Question 19

What occurs to liquids exposed to severe operating conditions?

Answer 19

They tend to undergo unfavorable changes

Question 20

What occurs when oil undergoes chemical reactions due to exposure to accessibility and pressure?

Answer 20

Formation of sludge, gums, carbon, or other deposits that clog openings, cause valves and pistons to stick or leak, and give poor lubrication to moving parts

Question 21

What would be the result of bacterial colonies forming in oils at lower temperatures?

Answer 21

Clogged control systems, degraded oil quality and oil performance, and production of corrosive byproducts

Question 22

What is the most likely cause of a cloud-like film forming below the oil level on the inside of an oil reservoir sight glass?

Answer 22

Bacterial contamination

Question 23

What may cause pump cavitation and produce poor system response and spongy control?

Answer 23

Foaming due to air absorbed in the oil

Question 24

What process is recommended for cleaning rust and scale from long pieces or pieces bent to complex shapes?

Answer 24

Pickling (cleaning metal in a chemical bath)

Question 25

What should be done to the open ends of pipes, tubing, hose, and fittings if they are to be stored for any considerable period?

Answer 25

They should be capped or plugged

Question 26

What is the best way of determining the condition of a hydraulic system and its probable future performance?

Answer 26

By analyzing the operating fluid

Question 27

When should samples be taken from a circulating hydraulic oil system?

Answer 27

When the hydraulic fluid is within 5°C (9°F) of normal system operating temperatures

Question 28

What conditions should be maintained when flushing bacterial contamination from an oil system?

Answer 28

Flush the new flushing pil with the oil temperature 71°C (160°F) minimum and flow rate above 1.22m/sec (4ft/sec)

Question 29

What may occur if a biocide is added to the oil without performing any of the other cleaning activities?

Answer 29

The biocide will kill the bacteria and release a tremendous biomass that will plug filters, control lines, and other equipment