Basic science Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
What are the 3 states of matter?
A
Solid, Liquid, Gas
2
Q
What is the force that opposes motion?
A
Friction
3
Q
Which energy is stored in food?
A
Chemical energy
4
Q
What is the instrument for measuring temperature?
A
Thermometer
5
Q
What are examples of simple machines?
A
Lever, pulley, wedge, screw
6
Q
When solid changes to gas without changing to liquid is called?
A
Sublimation
7
Q
What are the basic characteristics of living things?
A
Movement, Respiration, Nutrition, Irritability, Growth, Excretion, Reproduction, Death
8
Q
What do green plants use to make food?
A
Chlorophyll
9
Q
What process do plants use to make food?
A
Photosynthesis
10
Q
What gas do humans inhale during respiration?
A
Oxygen
11
Q
What organ is responsible for pumping blood?
A
Heart
12
Q
What is the process of changing from liquid to gas?
A
Evaporation
13
Q
What change is boiling water? Physical or chemical?
A
Physical change
14
Q
What is the process of gas changing to liquid?
A
Condensation
15
Q
What instrument measures temperature?
A
Thermometer
16
Q
What is the formula for speed?
A
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
17
Q
What is the SI unit of force?
A
Newton (N)
18
Q
Give two examples of simple machines.
A
Lever and Pulley
19
Q
What is friction?
A
A force that opposes motion
20
Q
What is the function of a lever?
A
To make work easier
21
Q
What is the main source of energy on Earth?
A
The Sun
22
Q
What type of energy is in food?
A
Chemical energy
23
Q
What type of energy makes a bulb light?
A
Electrical energy
24
Q
What is energy conversion?
A
Changing energy from one form to another
25
What energy conversion takes place in a solar panel?
Solar → Electrical
26
How many planets are in the solar system?
8 planets
27
What causes day and night?
Rotation of the Earth
28
What is pollution?
The contamination of the environment
29
Name one cause of air pollution.
Smoke from vehicles or factories
30
What is erosion?
Washing away of soil by water or wind
31
What is a machine?
A device that makes work easier
32
What is ICT?
Information and Communication Technology
33
Give one example of an ICT tool.
Computer
34
What is energy?
The ability to do work
35
What is density?
Mass ÷ Volume
36
What is the formula for Force?
Mass × Acceleration
## Footnote
Unit: Newton (N)
37
What is the formula for Work / Energy?
Force × Distance
## Footnote
Unit: Joule (J)
38
What is the formula for Power?
Work ÷ Time
## Footnote
Unit: Watt (W)
39
What is the formula for Pressure?
Force ÷ Area
## Footnote
Unit: Pascal (Pa)
40
What is the formula for Density?
Mass ÷ Volume
## Footnote
Units: kg/m³ or g/cm³
41
What is a cell?
A cell is the basic unit of life that makes up all living things.
42
Name 5 parts of a plant cell.
Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast, vacuole.
43
Name 4 parts of an animal cell.
Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria.
44
What is the function of the chloroplast?
It carries out photosynthesis by using sunlight to make food.
45
What is the function of the nucleus?
It controls the activities of the cell.
46
What gives a plant cell its shape but is not found in animal cells?
The cell wall.
47
Which cell type can make its own food using sunlight?
Plant cell (because of chloroplasts).
48
Name 3 parts both plant and animal cells share.
Nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
49
What is the solar system?
The solar system is made up of the sun, eight planets, their moons, and other objects like asteroids and comets.
50
What is the role of the sun in the solar system?
The sun is the center of the solar system and provides heat and light.
51
List the 8 planets in order from the sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
## Footnote
Use the rhyme: My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Noodles
52
What is a moon?
A moon is a natural satellite that orbits a planet.
53
What is the difference between rotation and revolution?
Rotation is the spinning of the earth on its axis (causes day & night).
Revolution is the movement of the earth around the sun (causes seasons).
54
What is an eclipse?
An eclipse is when one object in space blocks the light from another.
55
Name the two main types of eclipse.
Solar eclipse – Moon blocks the sun.
Lunar eclipse – Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.
56
What is the difference between stars and planets?
Stars produce their own light (e.g. Sun).
Planets reflect light from the sun.
57
What is special about Earth?
It is the only planet known to support life.
58
Name other objects in the solar system apart from planets.
Moons, comets, asteroids, meteors.
59
What is heat?
Heat is a form of energy that makes things warmer.
60
What is temperature?
Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold something is.
61
What is the S.I. unit of temperature?
Kelvin (K)
## Footnote
But Celsius (°C) is also commonly used.
62
What are the 3 methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, Convection, Radiation.
63
What is conduction?
Heat transfer through solids when particles touch each other.
## Footnote
Example: metal spoon in hot tea.
64
What is convection?
Heat transfer through liquids or gases by movement of particles.
## Footnote
Example: boiling water.
65
What is radiation?
Heat transfer through empty space (without a medium).
## Footnote
Example: heat from the sun.
66
What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?
Conductor: Allows heat to pass (e.g. metal). Insulator: Does not allow heat to pass (e.g. plastic).
67
What is a thermometer used for?
Measuring temperature.
68
What is expansion and contraction?
Expansion: Objects grow bigger when heated. Contraction: Objects shrink when cooled.
69
What is a simple machine?
A simple machine is a device that makes work easier.
70
List 6 types of simple machines.
Lever, Pulley, Inclined plane, Wheel and axle, Screw, Wedge.
71
What is a lever?
A rigid bar that turns about a fixed point called the fulcrum.
72
What are the 3 classes of levers?
1st class: Fulcrum in the middle (e.g. seesaw). 2nd class: Load in the middle (e.g. wheelbarrow). 3rd class: Effort in the middle (e.g. tongs).
73
What is a pulley?
A wheel with a rope that is used to lift loads.
74
What is a wheel and axle?
A larger wheel attached to a smaller axle; helps reduce friction.
75
What is an inclined plane?
A flat surface set at an angle to help move objects up or down (e.g. ramp).
76
What is a screw?
A simple machine made from an inclined plane wrapped around a rod.
77
What is a wedge?
A device used to split things apart (e.g. knife, axe).
78
What are Mechanical Advantage (MA) and Efficiency?
MA = Load ÷ Effort. Efficiency = (Work Output ÷ Work Input) × 100.
79
What is a magnet?
A magnet is a material that can attract objects made of iron or steel.
80
Give examples of magnetic and non-magnetic materials.
Magnetic: Iron, steel, nickel
Non-magnetic: Plastic, wood, rubber
81
What are the poles of a magnet?
The ends of a magnet where the magnetic force is strongest – North and South poles.
82
What happens when like or unlike poles come together?
Like poles repel (push away)
Unlike poles attract
83
What is a magnetic field?
It is the invisible space around a magnet where magnetic force is felt.
84
Mention 3 uses of magnets.
In compasses
In fridge doors
In speakers and microphones
85
Name 2 types of magnets.
Natural magnets – occur in nature (e.g. lodestone)
Artificial magnets – made by humans (e.g. bar magnet, horseshoe magnet)
86
What is magnetization?
The process of turning a material into a magnet.
87
What is demagnetization?
The process of removing magnetism from a magnet.
88
What does a magnetic compass do?
It shows direction by using the Earth’s magnetic field.
89
What is electricity?
Electricity is the flow of electric current through a conductor.
90
What is an electric circuit?
A path through which electric current flows.
91
Name 4 basic components of an electric circuit.
Cell (battery)
Switch
Wire
Bulb (lamp)
92
What is the difference between an open and a closed circuit?
Closed circuit: current flows, bulb lights up
Open circuit: current does not flow, bulb is off
93
Give examples of conductors and insulators.
Conductors: copper, aluminium
Insulators: rubber, plastic, wood
94
What are the two types of electric circuits?
Series circuit – one path for current
Parallel circuit – more than one path
95
What is the function of a switch?
It opens or closes the circuit to control the flow of electricity.
96
State the S.I. unit of Current, Voltage, and Resistance.
Current: Ampere (A)
Voltage: Volt (V)
Resistance: Ohm (Ω)
97
Mention 3 electrical safety rules.
Don’t touch sockets with wet hands.
Never overload sockets.
Switch off appliances when not in use.
98
State 3 uses of electricity in daily life.
Lighting
Operating appliances
Charging phones
99
What are drugs?
Drugs are substances taken to prevent or cure diseases or to relieve symptoms.
100
What are the 2 main types of drugs?
Legal drugs – approved by doctors (e.g. paracetamol)
Illegal drugs – harmful and banned (e.g. cocaine, marijuana)
101
Mention 3 effects of drug abuse.
Mental illness
Addiction
Poor health or death
102
What is a disease?
A disease is a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind.
103
What are the 2 main types of diseases?
Communicable – can spread (e.g. malaria, cholera)
Non-communicable – cannot spread (e.g. cancer, diabetes)
104
What causes communicable diseases?
Germs like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
105
Mention 3 ways to prevent communicable diseases.
Good hygiene
Immunization
Proper waste disposal
106
Name 3 communicable diseases.
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Measles
107
What is immunization?
Giving vaccines to protect the body against diseases.
108
Why is personal hygiene important in preventing disease?
It keeps the body clean and free from germs that cause illness.
109
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
110
Properties of solid
Fixed shape
Fixed volume
111
Properties of liquid
No fixed shape
Fixed volume
112
Properties of gases
No fixed shape
No fixed volume
113
What is melting point?
A temperature at which solid turns into liquid
114
What is boiling point?
A temperature at which liquid turns into gas
115
What are poles of magnet?
The end of magnet where the force is stronger- North and South poles
115
What is magnet?
Magnet is a material that can attract objects made of steel or iron
115
What happens when like and unlike poles come together?
Like poles- repels [push away]
Unlike poles- attract
116
What is magnetic field?
It is the invisible space around a magnet where magnetic force is felt
117
What is magnetization?
The process of turning a materials into magnet
118
What is demagnetization?
The process of removing magnetism from a magnet
