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Flashcards in Basic Science Deck (25)
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1
Q

Trends in orthopedics, whats increasing what is decreasing?

A

↓ Tuberculosis, polio, vitamin deficiencies
↓ Acute infections
↑ Arthritis, osteoporosis, fractures, MVA, sports injuries
↑ Statistics, evidence-based medicine, prevention, diagnostic imaging, arthroscopy, microsurgery

2
Q

cancellous bone AKA

A

spongy bone

3
Q

bones Storage reservoir for:

A

Ca, P, Mg. Na

4
Q

Hemopoietic tissue.

A

bone, tissue that make blood cells

5
Q

What type of loads bone withstand?

A

mechanical

6
Q

cortical bone AKA

A

compact bone,

dense, surrounds cancellous

7
Q

what is woven bone?

A

low mineral content, initial phase of fracture healing random collagen arrangement (not stress oriented)

weaker and more flexible than lamellar bone

8
Q

this type of force result in frequent Fx in areas with more cancellous type of bone

A

shear forces

9
Q

__________ forces are going cause fractures in pt with osteoporosis

A

Compresive forces

Weight bearing fracture

10
Q

Wolff’s Law

A
  • bone remodels in response to mechanical stress:
  • stress = hypertrophy
  • trabecular orientation follows stress pattern
11
Q

what is the trabecular orientation

A

spongy bone, trabecular orientation follow stress pattern

12
Q

trabecular orientation follows stress pattern acoording to which law?

A

Wolf’s law

13
Q

2 types of bone growth:

A

endochondral (cartilaginous phase) or membranous bone growth

14
Q

Embryo contains 3 cell layers:

A
  1. Ectoderm (covering)
  2. Mesoderm (middle) – mesenchyme (bone)
  3. Endoderm
15
Q

Bone Balance development
(Bone deposition/resorption)

A
  • Positive in childhood
  • Neutral in adults
  • Negative in elderly
16
Q

Fracture healing process:

A

1 wk = hematoma (or immflamation)
2-3 wks = soft callous
4-16 wks = hard callous
17 wks & beyond = remodeling

17
Q

Cartilage withstand what type of forces?

A

shear and compressive

18
Q

Cartilage:

A
  • Viscoelastic tissue
  • Withstands shear and compressive forces
  • Aneural, avascular
  • Chondrocytes and intracellular substance
  • Sponge-like behavior
19
Q

tendons:

A
  • transmit loads to bones
  • attach muscle to bone
20
Q

prevent excessive motion and guide joint motion

connect bone to bone

A

ligaments

21
Q

1st degree sprain

A

ligament microfailure of fibers, minimal pain, no instability

22
Q

2nd degree sprain

A

ligament partial rupture, strength decreases 50%, pain, some instability

23
Q

3rd degree sprain:

A

almost complete rupture, intense pain during injury minimal after, severe instability

no end feel

24
Q

true or false: Tendon mobilization prevents adhesions

A

Tendon mobilization prevents adhesions

25
Q

true or false: Loading is necessary for optimal tissue health. When loading and the subsequent degradation of tolerance are followed by a period of rest, an adaptive tissue response increases tolerance. Tissue “training” result from the optimal blend of art and science in medicine and tissue biomechanics.

A

true