Basic Science II & III

Question 1

CD19 expression stops at what stage of B cell development?

Answer 1

Plasma cell

Question 2

What process determines if an Ig will be membrane bound or secratory?

Answer 2

alternative splicing

Question 3

Failure to limit RAG mediated rearrangement of VDJ can lead to what pathology?

Answer 3

lymphoma

Question 4

How does Rituximab target B cells without affecting T cells?

Answer 4

Target is CD20 - only present on B cells

Question 5

Where do B cells reside before they have encountered antigen?

Answer 5

primary follicle

Question 6

Which growth factors are secreted by dendritic cells to allow for B cell survival?

Answer 6

BLyS (BAFF) and APRIL

Question 7

What 3 CD markers comprise the B cell receptor complex?

Answer 7

CD19, CD21, CD81

Question 8

How is the B cell activation amplified?

Answer 8

CD19,21,81 complex provides second signal by activating ITAM

Question 9

How is the B cell activation signal downregulated?

Answer 9

IgG bound to antigen binds to FCγRII, activating ITIM

Question 10

What type of antigen do marginal zone B cells recognize?

Answer 10

polysaccharide

Question 11

What type of antigen do conventional B cells (B-2 cells) recognize?

Answer 11

protein antigen

Question 12

What is the purpose of somatic hypermutation?

Answer 12

affinity maturation

Question 13

Which which enzymes are used in class switching?

Answer 13

AID (instead of RAG) and UNG

Question 14

Which immunoglobulin is not produced by recombination?

Answer 14

IgD - occurs via alternative splicing

Question 15

Is somatic hypermutation T cell dependent or independent?

Answer 15

dependent

Question 16

Is B cell activation and development into short lived plasma cells or long lived B1 cells T cell dependent or independent?

Answer 16

independent

Question 17

How does CD40 ligand deficiency result in hyper IgM syndrome?

Answer 17

failure to receive T cell help

Question 18

Deficiency of AID or UNG results in what disease?

Answer 18

Hyper IgM syndrome

Question 19

What surface marker identifies a B cell as a memory B cell?

Answer 19

CD27

Question 20

TLR3 recognizes what?

Answer 20

viral ds RNA

Question 21

TLR1/2 recognizes what?

Answer 21

lipopeptides from bacteria

Question 22

TLR2/6 recognize what?

Answer 22

peptidoglycan and heat shock protein

Question 23

TLR4 recognizes what?

Answer 23

LPS

Question 24

TLR5 recognizes what?

Answer 24

flagellin

Question 25

TLR7/8 recognize what?

Answer 25

ds RNA

Question 26

TLR9 recognizes what?

Answer 26

viral DNA

Question 27

Which TLRs bind intracellular targets?

Answer 27

TLR3, 7, 8, 9

Question 28

What is the main transcription factor that is activated through TLR signalling?

Answer 28

NF-κB

Question 29

Which TLR functions through a MyD88 independent process, and what does it use instead?

Answer 29

TLR3 (TLR4 can fxn with or without MyD88); TRIF -> TRAF3

Question 30

MyD88 transmits a TLR signal to what?

Answer 30

IRAK4

Question 31

TLR4 pair with what 2 other molecules to generate a response to LPS?

Answer 31

CD14 and MD2

Question 32

NF-κB induces production of what cytokines?

Answer 32

TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12

Question 33

In addition to NF-κB, what other transcription factors are activated via TLR signalling?

Answer 33

IRF3 (Interferon regulatory factor) IRF7, IRF5, AP-1

Question 34

What fusion gene is associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome and predicts response to imatinib?

Answer 34

PDGFRA

Question 35

What is the function of CXCL8?

Answer 35

neutrophil chemotaxis

Question 36

What is the function of CXCL10?

Answer 36

T cell chemoattractant - induced by interferons

Question 37

What is the function of CX3CL1 (fractalkine)?

Answer 37

acts as adhesion molecule and chemoattractant for monocytes and T cells

Question 38

What is the ligand for P-selectin?

Answer 38

Sialyl-Lewis X

Question 39

What is the ligand for ICAM-1?

Answer 39

LFA-1, Mac-1, fibrinogen

Question 40

What does rhinovirus use to gain entry into cells?

Answer 40

ICAM-1

Question 41

CCR4 binds to what ligands?

Answer 41

CCL17 and CCL22

Question 42

What is the receptor used by Plasmodium vivax to infect red cells?

Answer 42

DARC

Question 43

What molecules on a T cell does HIV use to gain entry into T cells?

Answer 43

CXCR4, CCR5, CD4

Question 44

What are the molecules on HIV that attach to a T cell?

Answer 44

gp120 and gp41

Question 45

What mutation is associated with resistance to HIV?

Answer 45

CCR5

Question 46

What mutation is associated with more aggressive HIV disease?

Answer 46

CCL3L1

Question 47

Phosphorylation of an ITIM leads to recruitment of what?

Answer 47

SHP-1&2, SHIP

Question 48

Which tyrosine kinase binds to the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 and CD8?

Answer 48

p56lck

Question 49

During T cell activation, hydrolysis of PIP2 by PLC gamma generates DAG and IP3. What do DAG and IP3 do?

Answer 49

DAG - modulates NFkappaB pathway | IP3 mediates Ca+ influx

Question 50

In T cell activation, where does the initial increase in Ca+ come from?

Answer 50

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 51

In T cell activation, Ca+ release from the ER activates what to further increase Ca+?

Answer 51

CRAC channel

Question 52

In T cell activation, Ca+ influx activates what?

Answer 52

calcineurin

Question 53

What does calcineurin do?

Answer 53

dephosphorylates NFAT during T cell activation allowing it to be transferred to the nucleus

Question 54

MAP kinase pathways activate which transcription factors during T cell activation?

Answer 54

Fos and Jun, which leads to AP1 activation