Basic Science MT 1 Biochem

Question 1

9 AA with NONPOLAR side chains

Answer 1

Glycine
Alanine
Valine

Leucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Proline

Phenylalanine
Tryptophan

“GAV LIMP PT”

Question 2

Non-polar AA with secondary amino group. May be referred to as “Imino Acid”

Answer 2

Proline

Question 3

Are non polar AA hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 3

hydrophobic

Question 4

Which NONPOLAR amino acid can contribute to a DISULFIDE bond?

Answer 4

Methionine

Question 5

Which nonpolar amino acid is OPTICALLY INACTIVE?

Answer 5

Glycine

Question 6

Which nonpolar AA is used to form SEROTONIN?

Answer 6

Tryptophan

Question 7

List 6 AA with UNCHARGED polar side chains

Answer 7

Glutamine
Asparagine
Serine

Cysteine
Threonine
Tyrosine

“GAS CTT”

Question 8

Which amino acid with an UNCHARGED polar side chain is used to form dopamine?

Answer 8

Tyrosine

Question 9

List the 2 AAs with ACIDIC side chains

Answer 9

glutamate

aspartate

Question 10

List 3 AAs with basic side chains

Answer 10

Histidine
Arganine
Lysine

Question 11

Are all AAs found in proteins in people of the D or L configuration?

Answer 11

L

Question 12

In sickle cell anemia, the AA ____ is substituted for the glutamate at the 6th position in the beta subunit of Hb.

Answer 12

Valine

Question 13

In hemoglobin C disease, the AA ___ is substituted for glutamate at the 6th position in the beta subunit of Hb.

Answer 13

Lysine

Question 14

The sequence of AAs in a protein is referred to as the ____ structure of a protein

Answer 14

Primary

Question 15

Alpha helix, beta sheets, and beta bends are examples of the ____ structure of a protein.

Answer 15

Secondary

Question 16

The 3D shape of a folded protein is referred to as the ___ structure of a protein.

Answer 16

Tertiary

Question 17

Arrangement of MULTIPLE POLY-PEPTIDE subunits in the protein are referred to as the ____ structure of a protein.

Answer 17

Quaternary

Question 18

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure all contribute to the ____ of the protein

Answer 18

Native Conformation

Question 19

Specialized groups of proteins named ____ are required for PROPER FOLDING of some nascent peptides.

Answer 19

Chaperones

Question 20

Unfolding and disorganization of the protein’s secondary and tertiary structure is referred to as ____ of the protein

Answer 20

Denaturing

Question 21

Misfolding of proteins and abnormal tau proteins, may result in amyloids and neurofibrillary tangles, which are characteristics of ___ disease.

Answer 21

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 22

An altered version of a prion protein can cause a group of diseases known as TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES (TSEs). An example in humans is ___ disease.

Answer 22

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 23

In proteins, AAs are joined covalently by ___ bonds, which are AMIDE linkages between the alpha carboxyl group of one AA and the alpha AMINO group of another.

Answer 23

Peptide

Question 24

Hemoglobin ___ is the major Hb in adults. It is comprised of 2 ____ and 2 ____ chains. Hb can carry ___ oxygen molecules.

Answer 24

HbA
alpha globin
beta globin
4

Question 25

Myoglobin is a hemeprotein present in ____ and _____ muscle. Myoglobin can reversibly bind ___ oxygen molecule.

Answer 25

Heart Skeletal 1

Question 26

Draw + Label the Oxygen Dissociation Curve for Hb +Mb

Answer 26

XX

Question 27

The Mb oxygen dissociation curve is described as ____. The Hb oxygen dissociation curve is described as ____.

Answer 27

``` Mb = hyperbolic Hb = sigmoidal ```

Question 28

Cooperative binding of oxygen by the four subunits of hemoglobin means the binding of an oxygen molecule at one heme group ___ the affinity for oxygen of the remaining heme groups in the same Hb molecule.

Answer 28

INCREASES

Question 29

With the ___ effect, release of oxygen from Hb is enhanced when the pH is ____ and the pCO2 is _____. This is also described as a shift to the ___ of the oxygen dissociation curve.

Answer 29

Bohr effect pH = lowered pCO2 = increased shift = Right

Question 30

Lungs have a ___ pH, tissues have a ____ pH

Answer 30

``` lungs = higher tissues = lower ```

Question 31

Carbon monoxide shifts the ODC to the ___, thus DECREASING the ability of Hb to release oxygen to tissues.

Answer 31

Left

Question 32

Hb ___ is the major Hb found in the fetus and newborn. Fetal Hb has a ___ affinity for oxygen compared to HbA.

Answer 32

HbF | greater affinity

Question 33

Increased amounts of Hb ___ are found in RBCs of patients with diabetes mellitus. This type of Hb is described as ____ Hb

Answer 33

Hb A1C | Glycosylated

Question 34

_____ is a hereditary HEMOLYTIC DISEASE in which an imbalance occurs in the synthesis of globin chains of Hb.

Answer 34

Thalassemia

Question 35

____ is the most abundant protein in the body and includes 3 alpha chains which form a TRIPLE HELIX.

Answer 35

Collagen

Question 36

____ is a group of CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS, which result in fragile, stretchy and loose joints.

Answer 36

Ehler's Danlos Syndrome

Question 37

____ is a group of CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS, which result in BONES THAT EASILY BEND AND FRACTURE.

Answer 37

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Question 38

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin prevents ELASTIN DEGRADATION in the ____ walls. A deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin can cause a lung disease called ____.

Answer 38

alveolar walls | emphysema

Question 39

Mutations in the fibrillin-1 protein are responsible for ____ Syndrome

Answer 39

Marfan