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Basic Sciences Flashcards

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1
Q

which cell types are involved in chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophages
Lymphocytes
plasma cells

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2
Q

what is screened for in donated blood?

A

HBV, HCV, HIV 1+2, HTLV I + II, syphilis

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3
Q

is sypphilis screened for in donated blood?

A

Yes

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4
Q

which cell type is involved with the formation of foam cells?

A

Macrophages

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5
Q

which type of necrosis is characteristic of TB?

A

Caseating

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6
Q

is facial flushing a feature of horners syndrome?

A

Yes

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7
Q

which cells are involved in phagocytosis?

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

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8
Q

which substance produced by neutrophils is needed for phagocytosis?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

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9
Q

how is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

A

bicarbonate

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10
Q

what is the triad of rhabdomyolysis?

A

Muscle Weakness
Myalgia
Dark Urine

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11
Q

at what temperature should platelets be stored?

A

Room Temperature

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12
Q

how long can platelets be stored prior to transfusion?

A

5 days

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13
Q

what findings are there on a post splenectomy blood film?

A 
Howell Jolly bodies
Heinz bodies
Pappenheimmer bodies
Poikilocytes (target cells)
erythrocyte siderotic granules
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14
Q

in what conditions are stipple cells seen on a blood film?

A

Lead poisoning

Haemoglobinopathies

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15
Q

what electrolyte abnormality is associated with over administration of sodium chloride?

A

Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis

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16
Q

which blood test is prolonged in haemophilia?

A

APTT

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17
Q

APTT tests which arm of the clotting cascade

A

Intrinsic

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18
Q

which factors are known as cofactors in the clotting cascade?

A

Factor V, Factor VIII

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19
Q

how is iron best absorbed?

A

Fe2+ (ferrous state)

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20
Q

which clotting factor forms a couplex with tissue factor to initiate the clotting cascade?

A

Factor VII

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21
Q

which is the most common organism to infiltrate plastic devices?

A

Strep epidermidis

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22
Q

where is the antigen binding site of imonuglobulins?

A

The variable region of one heavy and one light chain

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23
Q

metaplasia of the respiratory tract is associated with deficiency of what vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

can lead to squamous metaplasia

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24
Q

what is a normal total blood volume?

A

5 litres

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25
what volume of total blood volume is usually intracellular?
Two thirds
26
what is the body's usual plasma volume?
3 litres
27
how much water is typically lost from the lungs daily?
400ml
28
what toxins are produced by clostridia?
Exotoxins
29
are clostridia gram positive or negative?
Positive
30
what is madura foot?
Localised subcutaneous tissue infection with fungi or filamentous bacteria
31
are lymphocytes natural killer cells?
Yes
32
genetic mutation in which type of collagen leads to osteogenesis imperfecta?
Type I
33
which arm of the clotting cascade is initiated by tissue factors?
Extrinsic
34
which arm of the clotting cascade is initiated by contact with damaged surfaces?
Intrinsic
35
which clotting factors are involved in the extrinsic pathway?
Factor VII, tissue factor
36
which clotting factors are involved in the common pathway?
Factors I, II, V, X
37
which clotting factors are involved in the intrinsic pathway?
Factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
38
which cell type proliferates in graft vs host disease?
lymphocytes
39
is hypo or hypercalcaemia a risk of blood transfusion?
Hypocalcaemia
40
what are the first blood changes post splenectomy?
Granulocytosis, Thrombocytosis
41
what happens to the reticulocyte count post splenectomy?
increases
42
Post splenectomy lymphocytosis and monocytosis occurs over what time frame?
weeks
43
at high altitude which way will the oxygen dissociation curve shift?
to the right
44
do transfused cells have more or less 2,3 DPG?
Less
45
increased 2,3 DPG causes a shift of the oxygen dissociation curve which way?
right
46
what type of heparin is used in cardiopulmonary bypass?
Unfractionated
47
which type of heparin is easier to reverse?
Unfractionated
48
which cell type produces tumour necrosis factor?
macrophages
49
which organism causes malignant otitis externa?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
50
neutrophil polymorphs are diagnostic of which type of inflammation?
acute
51
lactate or bicarbonate is present in hartmanns solution?
lactate
52
which cell type is involved in granulomas?
macrophages
53
sarcoidosis causes an increase in which hormone?
ACE
54
angiotensin II acts on the hypothalamus to cause release of what substance from the pituitary?
ADH
55
infection with bartonella henselae causes what disease?
cat scratch disease
56
what is an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint?
Manubriosternal joint | Pubic Symphysis
57
what is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?
Epiphysis | 1st sternocostal joint
58
what is an example of a fibrous joint?
Gomphoses - teeth Sutures of skull Syndesmosis
59
is staph aureus coagulase negative or positive?
Positive
60
is staph epidermidis coagulase negative or positive?
negative
61
increase in cell number is defined as hyperplasia or hypertrophy?
Hyperplasia
62
increase in cell size is known as hyperplasia or hypertrophy?
hypertrophy
63
what type of necrosis is seen in the brain?
liquefactive
64
which antibodies are elevated in primary biliary cirrhosis?
anti mitochondrial
65
which type of immunologlobulin is passed from mother to fetus via the placenta?
IgG
66
what type of granulomas are found in sarcoidosis?
Epithelioid
67
what is a normal anion gap?
7-16
68
which type of organism is salmonella?
Gram negative rod
69
is the egfr in afro-carribean patients under or overestimated?
underestimated
70
is severe pruritis more commonly seen in hodgkins or non hodgkins lymphoma?
Hodgkins
71
is non contigious disease more common in hodgkins or non hodgkins lymphoma?
Non hodgkins
72
which type of hodgkins lymphoma has the best prognosis?
Nodular Sclerosing
73
what is an example of a permanent cell type?
erythrocytes
74
case control studies usually measure what outcome?
Odds ratio
75
cohort studies measure what outcome?
relative risk
76
popcorn cells are associated with which type of hodgkins lymphoma?
Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant

Basic Sciences (5 decks)

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