Basic Systems & Diesel Engines

Question 1

What is a System?

Answer 1

A system is a series of interconnecting pipes and components that will deliver a substance from one point to another

Question 2

Two types of System

Answer 2

Open Loop, Closed Loop

Question 3

In which system is the working fluid consumed?

Answer 3

In an Open Loop system

Question 4

In which system is the working fluid reused?

Answer 4

With a Closed Loop System.

Question 5

An example of an Open Loop system

Answer 5

Fuel system

Question 6

Example of a Closed Loop system

Answer 6

Fresh water cooling system

Question 7

What is a Header Tank used for?

Answer 7

To top up a tank or system

Question 8

What does a service tank contain?

Answer 8

A reservoir of clean fuel

Question 9

Used to collect oil returning from a system and acts as a reservoir…

Answer 9

A Drain Tank

Question 10

3 Types of Tank Gauges

Answer 10

• Contents gauge
• Sounding tube
• Gauge glass

Question 11

Contents Gauge

Answer 11

Indicates remaining liquid in a tank. Dial Type.

Question 12

What is a Sounding Tube?

Answer 12

Used to measure the depth of liquid inside a tank.

Question 13

How is a Gauge glass used?

Answer 13

Gives a visual indication of how much liquid is left in the tank.

Question 14

Dip Tape

Answer 14

Used to measure the liquid level left in a tank.

Question 15

What is used to remove large, coarse particles from a system?

Answer 15

Strainers

Question 16

5 common pipework materials?

Answer 16

Phosphor bronze, Copper, Copper Nickel, Brass, Plastic

Question 17

Phosphor Bronze usage?

Answer 17

High Pressure Salt Water system

Question 18

Copper usage?

Answer 18

Domestic fresh water system

Question 19

Copper Nickel usage?

Answer 19

Lub Oil system

Question 20

Brass usage?

Answer 20

Used for Castings. Taps, Valve bodies, Junctions and Unions.

Question 21

Plastic usage?

Answer 21

Sewage and Pre Wet.

Question 22

What do seals prevent?

Answer 22

Fluid leakage

Question 23

Four seal types

Answer 23

• Gaskets (NAF, Paper, Leather, Cork, Copper, Rubber)
• Mechanical seals
• Keelering couplings
• Gland packing

Question 24

One application of a Mechanical Seal?

Answer 24

Used for a Rotating shaft in water pump

Question 25

One application of Keelering couplings?

Answer 25

Pipe joining for Air systems

Question 26

When would you use Gland Packing?

Answer 26

To pack around the shaft of a pump to prevent fluid loss due to a weakened gland

Question 27

How does a valve work?

Answer 27

It controls the flow of liquid, and is used as a means of isolating various systems.

Question 28

3 main functions of a valve

Answer 28

1. Changes to pressure 2. Changes to direction 3. Shuts off supply

Question 29

Name me 5 types of Valves

Answer 29

Globe, Gate, Flap, Saunders, Pressure Relief

Question 30

A valve which screws down (in the shape of a sphere)

Answer 30

Globe Valve

Question 31

Raises and lowers, used for large ventilation pipes

Answer 31

Gate valve

Question 32

A simple non-return valve is also known as a

Answer 32

Flap Valve

Question 33

What is a Ball seated cock and how does it work?

Answer 33

Simple isolating valve. Turn the handle 90 degrees off/on.

Question 34

Protects system from over-pressurisation

Answer 34

Pressure Relief Valve

Question 35

Reduces and regulates pressure at a particular part before continuing through system.

Answer 35

Pressure Reducing Valve

Question 36

Prevents flow reversal

Answer 36

Non-return valve

Question 37

Which 4 main substances are transported through a pump?

Answer 37

Cooling, Heating, Lubrication, Fuel

Question 38

What does a Pump do?

Answer 38

In a system it forces the movement of fluid through a system using pressure

Question 39

What are the 2 main groups of Pumps?

Answer 39

Positive and Dynamic Displacement.

Question 40

Finish the sentence: A gearwheel pump is an example of a ________ ___________ pump.

Answer 40

Positive Displacement

Question 41

Centrifugal and Axial refers to what kind of pump?

Answer 41

Dynamic displacement pump

Question 42

What does flow/ pressure look like in a POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT Pump?

Answer 42

Low flow, High pressure

Question 43

What does flow/ pressure look like in a DYNAMIC DISPLACEMENT Pump?

Answer 43

High flow, Low pressure

Question 44

Bernoulli’s Theorem (classroom door theory)

Answer 44

Fluid -> impeller -> velocity increase -> slows down in larger space -> pressure increase.

Question 45

An Electrical Motor converts what into what?

Answer 45

Converts electrical energy into mechanical motion

Question 46

What drives the HPSWS?

Answer 46

Electric motor

Question 47

A Tachometer is a type of what?

Answer 47

System indicator

Question 48

5 types of System Indicators

Answer 48

Pressure and Vacuum Gauges, Tachometers, Thermometers, Flow meters, Voltage meters.

Question 49

Generally, all pressure and vacuum gauges are…

Answer 49

Bourdon tube gauges

Question 50

A gauge cock allows a gauge to…

Answer 50

be isolated from the system

Question 51

A type of system indicator whereby as pressure increases, fluid levels are forced apart. Reduction in pressure causes levels to equalise. What is it?

Answer 51

Manometer

Question 52

A Tachometer…

Answer 52

Measures the speed of a moving body or substance

Question 53

3 Types of Thermometer?

Answer 53

1. Fixed brass (sheathed or cased) 2. Standard Pocket/ Oblong 3. Clock/ Dial face

Question 54

Its plug is screwed into a threaded hole in a system pipe or machine. What is it?

Answer 54

A thermometer pocket

Question 55

A standard or fixed brass thermometer is inserted into…?

Answer 55

A thermometer pocket’s recess

Question 56

What do you do when a pocket is deliberately removed from a system?

Answer 56

Isolate and tag out the equipment.

Question 57

Thermometer pockets are painted with… what?

Answer 57

Black and yellow warning stripes

Question 58

How should you house a sheathed or cased thermometer?

Answer 58

In a thermometer pocket

Question 59

The pocket is filled with transmission fluid, usually engine oil. Why?

Answer 59

To aid smoother heat energy transmission

Question 60

Voltage meter

Answer 60

Measures the potential difference in an electrical circuit

Question 61

What does a Filter do?

Answer 61

Removes fine particles from a system.

Question 62

What are the two main types of filter?

Answer 62

Metallic and Absobent

Question 63

Metallic filters are made from what? What are they for?

Answer 63

Wire wool, thin steel plates or gauze screens, and tend to filter coarser particles from a system.

Question 64

Absorbent filter are made from what?

Answer 64

Paper, cloth, felt, yarn and other fabrics.

Question 65

Fuel systems and lub oil systems require what? What type of filter is used?

Answer 65

A higher standard of cleanliness. They use absorbent filters

Question 66

What does a Pressure Control Valve do?

Answer 66

It monitors outlet pressure and opens and closes as required to maintain a constant system pressure.

Question 67

What is Rod Gearing?

Answer 67

Rod Gearing allows a valve to be shut off manually from a remote location in the event of flood or fire.

Question 68

It prevents over-pressurisation in a system. What is it?

Answer 68

A pressure relief valve

Question 69

Where is a Pressure relief valve generally found?

Answer 69

On the Outlet side of the Pump.

Question 70

Why is a thermometer screwed into oil rather than air?

Answer 70

Heat travels faster through liquid, resulting in a faster, more accurate reading.

Question 71

Why must we use the correct oils for their set purposes?

Answer 71

Each are manufactured for a certain job to avoid damage to components.

Question 72

What does an Accumulator do?

Answer 72

Stores energy and smooths out pulsation. They can be used as a surge/pulsation dampener/ absorber.

Question 73

2 purposes of an Accumulator?

Answer 73

It stores substance pressure and is a pulsation pressure dampener.

Question 74

Most common type Accumulator?

Answer 74

Hydro-Pneumatic

Question 75

2 Main Accumulator types?

Answer 75

Bag and Piston

Question 76

It stores enough energy to safely start up or finish an operation in the event of pump stoppage. What is it?

Answer 76

An Accumulator

Question 77

What is the difference between a Dynamic and Positive Displacement pump?

Answer 77

D Pumps maintain a steady flow of the fluid areas, whereas P Displacement pumps contain portions of fed fluid that are enclosed before being moved along.