Basic Terminology

Question 1

abetalipoproteinemia

Answer 1

presence of RBCs with varying or bizarre shapes on a PB smear

Question 2

afrinogenemia

Answer 2

lack of fibrinogen in the blood plasma

Question 3

allele

Answer 3

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene hat occupy corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes

Question 4

anisocytosis

Answer 4

Abnormal RBC size

Question 5

antagonist

Answer 5

something that nullifies the action of something else

Question 6

chelation

Answer 6

chemical formation where metal ions covalently bind toxins or poisons in the blood

Question 7

dycrasia

Answer 7

disorder of a hematologic cell line or lines

Question 8

dysplasia

Answer 8

abnormal development or growth patten of cells or tissues; indicates precancerous condition

Question 9

hemmorhage

Answer 9

blood loss either outside the body or within a body cavity as a result of ruptured blood vessels

Question 10

hemostasis

Answer 10

process of blood clotting

Question 11

myelo

Answer 11

prefix relating to the bone marrow and used to identify precursors of neutrophils

Question 12

necrosis

Answer 12

localized tissue death that occurs in groups of cells in response to disease or injury

Question 13

poikilocytosis

Answer 13

presence of RBCs with varying or bizarre shapes on a PB smear
A

Question 14

Polychromasia

Answer 14

cells with many pigments or colors and often a sign of immaturity

Question 15

senescent

Answer 15

aging or growing old

Question 16

sequestration

Answer 16

transfer of blood cells from the circulation into a limited vascular area, such as the spleen for storage

Question 17

steatorrhea

Answer 17

fat in the stool, usually because of malabsorption. Stool may be oily, pale or colorless, and foul smelling

Question 18

zymogen

Answer 18

inactive precursor of an enzyme, protein, or hormone

Question 19

absorption

Answer 19

removal of an unwanted antibody

Question 20

allogenic

Answer 20

transport donor who is related or unrelated to the recipient

Question 21

amorph

Answer 21

gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen, a silent gene

Question 22

anemia

Answer 22

condition in which there is reduced oxygen delivery to the tissues, may result from increased destruction of RBCs, excessive blood loss, or decreased production of RBCs

Question 23

autologous

Answer 23

donor and recipient are the same person

Question 24

biphasic

Answer 24

reactivity occurring in two phases

Question 25

chimera

Answer 25

an individual who possesses a mixed cell population

Question 26

diuresis

Answer 26

secretion and passage of large amounts of urine

Question 27

dosage

Answer 27

antibody reacts more strongly to a | RBC carrying a double dose (homogenous) of an antigen than one carrying a single dose (heterozygous) of an antigen

Question 28

endogenous

Answer 28

produced or arising from within a cell or organism

Question 29

exogenous

Answer 29

originating outside an organ or part

Question 30

idiopathic

Answer 30

pertaining to conditions without clear pathogenesis, or disease without recognizable cause, as of spontaneous origin

Question 31

in vitro

Answer 31

outside of body, laboratory setting

Question 32

in vivo

Answer 32

inside the living body

Question 33

monoclonal

Answer 33

derived from a single ancestral antibody producing parent cell

Question 34

neonate

Answer 34

a newborn infant up to 4 months of age

Question 35

neutralization

Answer 35

inactivating an antibody by reacting it with an antigen against which it is directed

Question 36

plasma

Answer 36

the liquid portion of whole blood, containing water, electrolytes, glucose, fats, proteins, gases, and contains all the clotting factors necessary for coagulation but in an inactive form

Question 37

refractory

Answer 37

obstinate, stubborn resistant to treatment, resistant to stimulation

Question 38

sensitization

Answer 38

a condition of being made sensitive to a specific substance after the initial exposure to that substance

Question 39

xenogeneic

Answer 39

transplantation between species

Question 40

zeta potential

Answer 40

the difference in charge density between the inner and outer layers of the ionic cloud that surrounds RBCs in an electrolyte solution

Question 41

acid

Answer 41

a substance that donates H atoms in a water solution

Question 42

affinity

Answer 42

the strength of the bond between an antigen and an antibody

Question 43

analyte

Answer 43

a chemical substance or biological component of the human body, such as a hormone, drug or protein

Question 44

ascites

Answer 44

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

Question 45

atrophy

Answer 45

decrease in cell size

Question 46

azotemia

Answer 46

presence of excessive nitrogen products (like urea) in the bloodstream

Question 47

buffer

Answer 47

a solution consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base, when a strong base or strong acid is added to the solution, the pH changes very little

Question 48

hypersensitivity

Answer 48

an exaggerated immune response that leads to tissue damage, signals, cells or processes of the immune response can become abnormal or impaired due to genetic or environmental influences

Question 49

hyperplasia

Answer 49

an increase in the number of cells of a specific type in response to injury or stress

Question 50

ischemia

Answer 50

lack of O2 in tissues, caused by decreased blood flow to the cells

Question 51

linearity

Answer 51

range of values within which a given laboratory procedure, instrument or reagent provides accurate results

Question 52

random error

Answer 52

unforseen abnormal test result that is usually due to temperature or technique but may have no apparent cause, the most difficult type of error to detect

Question 53

trough level

Answer 53

lowest concentration of a drug in a patient's bloodstream