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basic terms Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Normal movement of gases into and out of the lungs?

A

ventilation

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2
Q

gas exchange between the blood and the cells-cellular level?

A

internal respiration

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3
Q

gas exchange between the lung and the blood stream?

A

external respiration

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4
Q

what does Pawo stand for?

A

pressure at the airway opening

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5
Q

what is the normal value for Pawo?

A

zero or atmospheric pressure (760mmHg or 1034cmH20)

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6
Q

What are three additional terms that can be used for Pawo?

A
  • Paw - airway opening pressure
  • Pm- mouth pressure
  • Proximal airway pressure- mask pressure
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7
Q

what does Ppl or stand for?

A

intrapleural pressure

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8
Q

What is the pressure in the potential space between the parietal an visceral pleurae?

A

intrapleural pressure

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9
Q

What is the normal value for Ppl ( intrapleural pressure)?

A
  • 5cmH20 at end of expiration

- 10cmH20at the end of inspiration

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10
Q

What does PA or Palv stand for?

A

intrapulmonary pressure

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11
Q

what is the normal values for intrapulmonary pressure during spontaneous breathing?

A

during inspiration -1 to -5cmH20

during expiration +1 or +5cmH20

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12
Q

what does the diaphragm do on inspiration?

A

descends and enlarges the thoracic cavity.

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13
Q

what does the diaphragm do on exhalation?

A

is passive and diaphragm returns to normal

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14
Q

Name the gas law that governs spontaneous ventilation?

A

Boyles law

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15
Q

What must be present in order to have gas flow?

A

must have a pressure gradient

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16
Q

what are the four basic pressure gradients?

A
  • transairway pressure (PTA)
  • transthoracic pressure (Pw or Ptt)
  • transpulmonary pressure (PL or Ptp)
  • transrespiratory pressure (Ptr)
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17
Q

What does PTA stand for?

A

transairway pressure

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18
Q

what does Pw or Ptt stand for?

A

transthoracic pressure

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19
Q

what does PL or Ptp stand for?

A

transpulmonary pressure

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20
Q

what does Ptr stand for?

A

transrespiratory pressure

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21
Q

the pressure difference between the airway opening and and the alveolus is known as?

A

Pta transairway pressure

Pta=Paw-Palv

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22
Q

the pressure difference between the alveolar space or lung and the bodys surface is known as?

A

Pw-transthoracic pressure

Pw=Palv-Pbs

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23
Q

what does Pbs stand for?

A

bodys surface pressure

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24
Q

the pressure difference between the alveolar space and the pleural space is known as?

A

PL - transpulmonary pressure

PL=Palv-Ppl

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25
the pressure difference between the airway opening and the body surface is know as ?
PTR-transrespiratory pressure | Ptr=Pawo-Pbs
26
usually pressure at end expiration before next breath is know as ?
baseline or PEEP
27
normal values for baseline pressure is what?
zero or atmospheric pressure 760mmHg
28
The highest pressure recorded at the end of inspiration ?
Peak pressure or PIP
29
inspiratory pause. NO FLOW . elastic recoil of lung is still exerting a pressure . pressure taken after breath has been delivered but before exhalation is allowed to occur?
plateau pressure-breath hold
30
volume change per unit of pressure change is known as ?
compliance
31
reflects elastic recoil of lung (stiffness) and airway resistance to flow is know as ?
dynamic compliance
32
pressure is measured at static or no-flow conditions. eliminates airway resistance
static compliance
33
obstruction to air flow is know as?
resistance
34
C=Vt/Plateau-EEP is known as what equation?
static compliance
35
what is the normal values for compliance?
0.05 to 0.17 L/cmH20 or 50 to 170 mL/cmH20
36
what is the compliance values in intubated males?
40-50 mL/cmH20, up to 100mL/cmH20
37
what is the compliance values in intubated females?
35-45 mL/cmH20, up to 100mL/cmH20
38
PIP-Plateau/flow is known as what equation?
Raw or airway resistance
39
what is the normal airway resistance values
0.6 to 2.4 cmH20/L/sec
40
what is the airway resistance values for intubated patients?
approximately 6cmH20/L/sec or higher
41
what are a few conditions that would increase airway resistance?
COPD Mechanical obstruction infection Emphysema
42
what are some reasons why it might be difficult to ventilate a patient?
lung stiffness pneumonia fibrosis ARDS
43
for any value for R and C equals the time necessary for lungs to empty is know as what? R x C
time constants
44
what is the value for one time constant?
63%
45
what is the value to 2 time constant?
86%
46
what is the value for 3 time constant?
95%
47
what is the value for 4 time constant?
98%
48
what is the value for 5 time constant?
100%
49
ventilator is the tank ventilator or "iron lung" individuals head is exposed to ambient pressure and thorax or entire body is encased in a airtight container is know as what?
negative pressure ventilation
50
ventilation occurs when a mechanical ventilator is used to move air into the patients lungs by way of an endotracheal tube is known as what?
positive pressure ventilation
51
ventilation uses above normal ventilating rates with below normal ventilating volumes is known as what?
High frequency ventilation
52
HFPPV stands for what?
High frequency positive pressure ventilation
53
HFJV stands for what?
High frequency Jet Ventilation
54
HFOV stands for what?
High frequency oscillatory ventilation
55
what is the breaths per min in HFPPV?
60-100
56
what is the breaths per min in HFJV?
100-600
57
What is the breaths per min in HFOV?
up to 4000 used for infants and adults with air leaks
58
incomplete expiration causes air trapping (hyperinflation) is known as what?
Auto (intrinsic) PEEP
59
a small amount of applied PEEP (3 to 5 cmH20) is used in most ventilated patients to prevent end-expiratory alveolar collapse is know as what?
Applied (extrinsic) PEEP
60
What does PEEP stand for?
Positive end expiratory pressure

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