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mechanical vent > basic terms > Flashcards

basic terms Flashcards

1
Q

Normal movement of gases into and out of the lungs?

A

ventilation

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2
Q

gas exchange between the blood and the cells-cellular level?

A

internal respiration

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3
Q

gas exchange between the lung and the blood stream?

A

external respiration

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4
Q

what does Pawo stand for?

A

pressure at the airway opening

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5
Q

what is the normal value for Pawo?

A

zero or atmospheric pressure (760mmHg or 1034cmH20)

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6
Q

What are three additional terms that can be used for Pawo?

A
  • Paw - airway opening pressure
  • Pm- mouth pressure
  • Proximal airway pressure- mask pressure
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7
Q

what does Ppl or stand for?

A

intrapleural pressure

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8
Q

What is the pressure in the potential space between the parietal an visceral pleurae?

A

intrapleural pressure

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9
Q

What is the normal value for Ppl ( intrapleural pressure)?

A
  • 5cmH20 at end of expiration

- 10cmH20at the end of inspiration

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10
Q

What does PA or Palv stand for?

A

intrapulmonary pressure

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11
Q

what is the normal values for intrapulmonary pressure during spontaneous breathing?

A

during inspiration -1 to -5cmH20

during expiration +1 or +5cmH20

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12
Q

what does the diaphragm do on inspiration?

A

descends and enlarges the thoracic cavity.

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13
Q

what does the diaphragm do on exhalation?

A

is passive and diaphragm returns to normal

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14
Q

Name the gas law that governs spontaneous ventilation?

A

Boyles law

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15
Q

What must be present in order to have gas flow?

A

must have a pressure gradient

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16
Q

what are the four basic pressure gradients?

A
  • transairway pressure (PTA)
  • transthoracic pressure (Pw or Ptt)
  • transpulmonary pressure (PL or Ptp)
  • transrespiratory pressure (Ptr)
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17
Q

What does PTA stand for?

A

transairway pressure

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18
Q

what does Pw or Ptt stand for?

A

transthoracic pressure

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19
Q

what does PL or Ptp stand for?

A

transpulmonary pressure

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20
Q

what does Ptr stand for?

A

transrespiratory pressure

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21
Q

the pressure difference between the airway opening and and the alveolus is known as?

A

Pta transairway pressure

Pta=Paw-Palv

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22
Q

the pressure difference between the alveolar space or lung and the bodys surface is known as?

A

Pw-transthoracic pressure

Pw=Palv-Pbs

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23
Q

what does Pbs stand for?

A

bodys surface pressure

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24
Q

the pressure difference between the alveolar space and the pleural space is known as?

A

PL - transpulmonary pressure

PL=Palv-Ppl

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25
Q

the pressure difference between the airway opening and the body surface is know as ?

A

PTR-transrespiratory pressure

Ptr=Pawo-Pbs

26
Q

usually pressure at end expiration before next breath is know as ?

A

baseline or PEEP

27
Q

normal values for baseline pressure is what?

A

zero or atmospheric pressure 760mmHg

28
Q

The highest pressure recorded at the end of inspiration ?

A

Peak pressure or PIP

29
Q

inspiratory pause. NO FLOW . elastic recoil of lung is still exerting a pressure . pressure taken after breath has been delivered but before exhalation is allowed to occur?

A

plateau pressure-breath hold

30
Q

volume change per unit of pressure change is known as ?

A

compliance

31
Q

reflects elastic recoil of lung (stiffness) and airway resistance to flow is know as ?

A

dynamic compliance

32
Q

pressure is measured at static or no-flow conditions. eliminates airway resistance

A

static compliance

33
Q

obstruction to air flow is know as?

A

resistance

34
Q

C=Vt/Plateau-EEP is known as what equation?

A

static compliance

35
Q

what is the normal values for compliance?

A

0.05 to 0.17 L/cmH20 or 50 to 170 mL/cmH20

36
Q

what is the compliance values in intubated males?

A

40-50 mL/cmH20, up to 100mL/cmH20

37
Q

what is the compliance values in intubated females?

A

35-45 mL/cmH20, up to 100mL/cmH20

38
Q

PIP-Plateau/flow is known as what equation?

A

Raw or airway resistance

39
Q

what is the normal airway resistance values

A

0.6 to 2.4 cmH20/L/sec

40
Q

what is the airway resistance values for intubated patients?

A

approximately 6cmH20/L/sec or higher

41
Q

what are a few conditions that would increase airway resistance?

A

COPD
Mechanical obstruction
infection
Emphysema

42
Q

what are some reasons why it might be difficult to ventilate a patient?

A

lung stiffness
pneumonia
fibrosis
ARDS

43
Q

for any value for R and C equals the time necessary for lungs to empty is know as what?
R x C

A

time constants

44
Q

what is the value for one time constant?

A

63%

45
Q

what is the value to 2 time constant?

A

86%

46
Q

what is the value for 3 time constant?

A

95%

47
Q

what is the value for 4 time constant?

A

98%

48
Q

what is the value for 5 time constant?

A

100%

49
Q

ventilator is the tank ventilator or “iron lung” individuals head is exposed to ambient pressure and thorax or entire body is encased in a airtight container is know as what?

A

negative pressure ventilation

50
Q

ventilation occurs when a mechanical ventilator is used to move air into the patients lungs by way of an endotracheal tube is known as what?

A

positive pressure ventilation

51
Q

ventilation uses above normal ventilating rates with below normal ventilating volumes is known as what?

A

High frequency ventilation

52
Q

HFPPV stands for what?

A

High frequency positive pressure ventilation

53
Q

HFJV stands for what?

A

High frequency Jet Ventilation

54
Q

HFOV stands for what?

A

High frequency oscillatory ventilation

55
Q

what is the breaths per min in HFPPV?

A

60-100

56
Q

what is the breaths per min in HFJV?

A

100-600

57
Q

What is the breaths per min in HFOV?

A

up to 4000 used for infants and adults with air leaks

58
Q

incomplete expiration causes air trapping (hyperinflation) is known as what?

A

Auto (intrinsic) PEEP

59
Q

a small amount of applied PEEP (3 to 5 cmH20) is used in most ventilated patients to prevent end-expiratory alveolar collapse is know as what?

A

Applied (extrinsic) PEEP

60
Q

What does PEEP stand for?

A

Positive end expiratory pressure

mechanical vent (4 decks)

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