Basics

Question 1

0 K and is the point at which all molecular motion ceases.

Answer 1

Absolute Zero

Question 2

The mass of an object per its unit volume

Answer 2

density

Question 3

definite shape and volume

Answer 3

solid

Question 4

definite volume but no definite shape

Answer 4

liquid

Question 5

neither definite shape nor volume

Answer 5

gas

Question 6

a graph representing the relationship of a substance’s states of matter to temperature and pressure

Answer 6

phase diagram

Question 7

the point beyond which the gas and liquid phases are indistinguishable from each other

Answer 7

critical point

Question 8

the combination of the temperature and pressure at which all three states of matter can exist together

Answer 8

triple point

Question 9

tiny, invisible particles of an element

Answer 9

atom

Question 10

subatomic particle of an atom that is negatively charged and is the primary carrier of electricity in solids

Answer 10

electron

Question 11

a dense core of positive charge at the center of the atom that contains most of the atom’s mass.

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

composed by the negatively charged electrons moving around the nucleus in complex paths

Answer 12

electron cloud

Question 13

commonly used for the mass of subatomic particles and atoms

Answer 13

amu (atomic mass unit)

Question 14

atoms of the same element that have differing numbers of neutrons

Answer 14

isotopes

Question 15

a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign.

Answer 15

protons

Question 16

the sum of the protons and neutrons

Answer 16

mass number

Question 17

Where electrons are grouped within the electrons shells

Answer 17

subshells

Question 18

volumes of spaces of equal energy

Answer 18

orbitals

Question 19

electrons fill in the sub shells of the lowest energies, and then higher energies

Answer 19

Aufbau principle

Question 20

every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

Answer 20

Hund’s Rule

Question 21

a condensed way of representing the pattern of electrons in an atom

Answer 21

electron configuration

Question 22

Normally solids, shiny, and good conductors of heat and electricity.f Chemically tend to lose electrons in reactions.

Answer 22

Metals

Question 23

Have properties of both metals and nonmetals, their unusual electrical properties properties make them valuable in the semiconductor and computer industry.

Answer 23

Metalloids

Question 24

Some are gases, are poor conductors of heat and electricity, are neither malleable nor ductile, and tend to gain electrons in their chemical reactions to form anions.

Answer 24

nonmetals

Question 25

Horizontal rows on the periodic table, which have consecutive atomic numbers. Numbered from 1 to 7. The elements that share these do not have similar properties.

Answer 25

Periods

Question 26

Vertical rows on the periodic table

Answer 26

Groups

Question 27

electrons on the outermost shell

Answer 27

valence electrons

Question 28

The overall attraction an electron experiences. Related to the positive nuclear charge interacting with the negative electrons.

Answer 28

effective nuclear charge

Question 29

the energy needed to completely remove an electron from an atom

Answer 29

ionization energy

Question 30

the energy change that results from adding an electron to an atom or ion.

Answer 30

electron affinity

Question 31

compounds that consist of only two elements

Answer 31

binary compounds

Question 32

binary compounds that begin with metal

Answer 32

metal type binary compounds

Question 33

binary compounds that have formulas that begin with a nonmetal.

Answer 33

Nonmetal Type Binary Compound

Question 34

binary compounds that have formulas that begin with hydrogen.

Answer 34

Acid Type Binary Compound

Question 35

Compounds containing three or more elements

Answer 35

Ternary compounds