basics

Question 1

What is biochemistry

Answer 1

The study of life and living organisms, and the processes which occur

Question 2

What are atoms?

Answer 2

The basic building block of matter

Question 3

What are elements made up of?

Answer 3

One type of atom

Question 4

What are molecules made up of?

Answer 4

Two or more atoms bonded together

Question 5

What are compounds made up of?

Answer 5

Two or more different elements bonded together

Question 6

What is the size of the eye of a needle?

Answer 6

10 to the power of minus 3

Question 7

What is the size of a bacteria?

Answer 7

10 to the power of minus 6

Question 8

What is the size of DNA

Answer 8

10 to the power of minus 9

Question 9

What number determines the element

Answer 9

The number of protons

Question 10

How many protons does Hydrogen have?

Answer 10

One

Question 11

What contributes to total mass?

Answer 11

Both protons and neutrons

Question 12

What are moles?

Answer 12

The amount of substance per element within a system. 1 mol = 6.02214 x 10^23 particles

Question 13

How do you work out mass (g)?

Answer 13

Mol (g) x relative formula mass (gmol^-1)

Question 14

How to work out the mol (g)?

Answer 14

Mass (g) divided by relative formula mass (gmol^-1)

Question 15

How to work out relative formula mass (gmol^-1)

Answer 15

Mass (g) divided by mol (g)

Question 16

What are isotopes?

Answer 16

A variation of an element due to a different number of neutrons.

Question 17

How do isotopes decay to release energy?

Answer 17

In the form of radiation (alpha, beta and gamma)

Question 18

What are the two types of isotopes?

Answer 18

Deuterium and Tritum

Question 19

What is a Deuterium isotope?

Answer 19

The nucleus is relatively stable, not radioactive

Question 20

What is a Tritium isotope?

Answer 20

The nucleus is unstable and therefore radioactive

Question 21

What are ions?

Answer 21

Atoms with a charge from a loss or gain of electrons

Question 22

What are the maximum amount of energy levels/shells?

Answer 22

2,8,18,32

Question 23

What are the sub level shells for electrons

Answer 23

S, P D & F

Question 24

What atom causes instability?

Answer 24

When atoms don’t have the maximum amount of electrons on the outer shell.

Question 24

When is an atom considered stable?

Answer 24

When each shell is full

Question 25

How do atoms gain a negative charge?

Answer 25

By gaining an electron

Question 25

What is valence?

Answer 25

when atoms don't have the maximum amount of electrons on the outer shell

Question 26

How do atoms gain a positive charge?

Answer 26

By losing an electron

Question 27

what is chemical/covalent bonding?

Answer 27

When atoms share electrons to create stability between non metals

Question 28

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 28

When a metal and non metal form a bond by giving away electrons e.g non metal chlorine is more electronegative and therefore pulls an electron from a metal like sodium

Question 29

What are hydrogen bonds?

Answer 29

A weaker bond between 2 polar molecules. A positive dipole charge is pulled closer a negative dipole charge causing attraction and a hydrogen bond

Question 30

What are van der waal interactions?

Answer 30

Among the weakest attractions. Electrons flux around the nucleus creating high and low density clouds of electrons. When the electrons move more on to one side, it becomes more polarised, causing an attraction between the electronegatively dense area and a more positive area

Question 31

Where are van der waal interactions seen in DNA?

Answer 31

Between base pairs, allowing them to stack (seen in lizards)

Question 32

What are hydrophobic interactions?

Answer 32

Molecules can be non-polar and polar. Non-polar molecules repel water through hydrogen/ionic bonding. These molecules organize themselves to push water around polar molecules

Question 33

Which bond is strongest to weakest?

Answer 33

Covalent Ionic bonds Hydrogen bonds Hydrophobic interactions Van der Waals

Question 34

How are chemical bonds held together?

Answer 34

They form when atoms share, donate or receive electrons. Energy is used to hold these bonds by distributing electrons to create attraction

Question 35

What happens when chemical bonds are broken

Answer 35

When a bond is broken, energy is released or absorbed

Question 36

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 36

When energy is released as a result

Question 37

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 37

When energy is absorbed as a result

Question 38

What is an oxidation reaction?

Answer 38

When an atom loses an electron

Question 39

What is a reduction reaction?

Answer 39

When an atom gains an electron.

Question 40

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 40

When electrons locked away in glucose can be used to reduce oxygen to produce chemical energy in the form of ATP