Basics

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

bending of body segments so their surfaces come together

Question 2

Extension

Answer 2

moving apart of two opposing body segments

Question 3

Abduction

Answer 3

movement of body segment away from midline

Question 4

Adduction

Answer 4

movement of body segment towards midline

Question 5

Lateral Flexion

Answer 5

bending of trunk to one side of midline

Question 6

Medial Rotation

Answer 6

rotating limb segment toward midline

Question 7

Lateral Rotation

Answer 7

rotating limb segment away from midline

Question 8

Supination

Answer 8

movement so palm faces anteriorly/sole faces medially

Question 9

Pronation

Answer 9

movement so palm faces Posteriorly/sole faces laterally

Question 10

Plantar Flexion

Answer 10

moving top of foot away from shin/pointing toes away from head

Question 11

Dorsiflexion

Answer 11

moving top of foot towards shin/pulling toes towards head

Question 12

Inversion

Answer 12

combined movement of supination and adduction of whole foot

Question 13

Eversion

Answer 13

combined movement of pronation and abduction of whole foot

Question 14

types of mediated transport

Answer 14

facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

Vesicles transport molecules into cell

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

Vesicles transport molecules out of cell

Question 17

Layers of skin

Answer 17

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 18

Protective waterproof layer of skin

Answer 18

Epidermis

Question 19

Layer of skin rich with vessels and nerves and elasticity

Answer 19

Dermis

Question 20

Shock absorbing layer of skin

Answer 20

Hypodermis

Question 21

Superficial fascia

Answer 21

loose areolar tissue with cutaneous nerves, vessels and lymphatics

Question 22

Deep fascia

Answer 22

Fibrous tissue around limbs, body and deep structures. Rich nerve supply

Question 23

Determines the pattern or spread of infection

Answer 23

fascia

Question 24

Fascial spaces

Answer 24

Potential spaces that occur due to pathology

Question 25

functions of bone

Answer 25

locomotion, support, protection of internal organs, storage of minerals and synthesis of blood cells

Question 26

Components of bone

Answer 26

Periosteum, outer compact bone, cancellous spongy bone, medullary cavity

Question 27

Function of outer compact bone

Answer 27

Gives strength/rigidity

Question 28

Function of cancellous spongy bone

Answer 28

Resists external forces

Question 29

Contains bone marrow

Answer 29

Medullary cavity

Question 30

Comprises nervous tissue

Answer 30

Nerve cells and neuroglia

Question 31

Axial skeleton

Answer 31

Skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

Question 32

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 32

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper limb, lower limb

Question 33

Fibrous joints

Answer 33

bones connected by fibrous tissue that permits very little or no movement

Question 34

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 34

pad of cartilage between bones that allow limited movement by compression of the cartilage

Question 35

Synovial joints

Answer 35

fibrous capsule lined by a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid, with articular surfaces coated in hyaline cartilage

Question 36

Synovial gliding joint

Answer 36

Bones glide over each other, least moveable

Question 37

Synovial hinge joint

Answer 37

movement in one plane only, usually flexion/extension

Question 38

Synovial pivot joint

Answer 38

rotary movement around one axis

Question 39

Synovial saddle joint

Answer 39

movement around two axes allowing flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

Question 40

synovial ball and socket joint

Answer 40

allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation and circumduction

Question 41

Cartilage

Answer 41

dense connective tissue of fibres within a matrix

Question 42

Functions of cartilage

Answer 42

Support and shape structures, cushioning and absorbing shock

Question 43

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 43

covers bone surfaces at joints. acts as common connector

Question 44

Fibrous cartilage

Answer 44

strong and rigid, composed of fibrous elements

Question 45

Elastic cartilage

Answer 45

elastic and resilient with elastic fibres

Question 46

Ligaments

Answer 46

Fibrous connective tissue that binds bone to bone

Question 47

Bursae

Answer 47

Synovial sacs located at friction points between tendons, ligaments and bones

Question 48

Function of bursae

Answer 48

Act as cushion to reduce stress and friction on adjacent surfaces