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PHARMACOLOGY > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Which book contains only factual information and must be interpreted by informed readers?

A

Physicians desk reference

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2
Q

Which act was enacted to improve the quality and labeling of drugs?

A

The pure food and drug act of 1906

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3
Q

What is the official standard for information about pharmaceuticals in the United States?

A

United States pharmacopeia

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4
Q

Which act regulated manufacturing and sale of opium and cocaine?

A

The Harrison narcotics act of 1914

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5
Q

Which act empowered the FDA?

A

The federal food, drug, and cosmetics act of 1938

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6
Q

What was the function of the Durham-Humphrey amendments?

A

Required prescriptions for certain drugs

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7
Q

Which act created five schedules of controlled substances?

A

Controlled substance act of 1970

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8
Q

What is an assay?

A

Test that determines the amount and purity of a given chemical in preparation in the laboratory

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9
Q

_____is the relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs

A

Bioequivalence

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10
Q

What is a bioassay?

A

Test to ascertain a drugs availability in a biological model

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11
Q

______ drugs are medications that may deform or kill the fetus.

A

Teratogenic drugs

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12
Q

What is the free drug availability?

A

Proportion of a drug available in the body to cause either desired or undesired effects

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13
Q

_____ is the study of drugs and their interactions with the body

A

Pharmacology

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14
Q

_____ is how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.

A

Pharmacokinetics

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15
Q

_____is the study of the basic processes that determine the duration and intensity of a drugs effect

A

Pharmacokinetics

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16
Q

A common example of an active transport mechanism is?

A

The sodium-potassium pump

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17
Q

The sodium potassium pump goes _____ the ions concentration gradients

A

Against

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18
Q

What are two examples of passive transport?

A

Diffusion and osmosis

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19
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of SOLUTE from an area of high solute to low solute

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20
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of SOLVENT from area of lower solute to higher solute

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21
Q

The body absorbs most drugs faster when they are given ______ than when they are given subcutaneously

A

Intramuscularly

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22
Q

What are two examples of events that will delay absorption?

A

Shock and hypothermia

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23
Q

Generally speaking, _____ drugs do not absorb across the membrane of cells

A

Ionized

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24
Q

The rate of absorption is directly related to?

A

The amount of surface area available for absorption

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25
_____ is the measure of the amount of a drug that is still active after it reached its target tissue
Bioavailability
26
What drug is given for tricyclic antidepressants?
Sodium bicarbonate
27
What happens when aspirin is given to a patient on warfarin?
The aspirin displaces some of the protein bound warfarin increasing the amount of free warfarin in the blood therefore doubling the available warfarin
28
___ is the special name give. To the metabolism of drugs
Biotransformation
29
What two effect can biotransformation have on a drug?
It can transform the drug into a more or less active metabolite Or It can make the drug more water soluble for facilitate elimination
30
____ increases the positive charge of a molecule
Oxidation
31
____ is the breakage of a chemical bond by addition of water
Hydrolysis
32
What is an enteral route?
Delivery of a medication through the GI tract
33
What are parenteral routes?
Delivery of a medication outside of the GI Tract
34
What drugs can be given via ETT?
Lidocaine Epinephrine Atropine Vasopressin
35
What are the three fastest routes of drug administration in order?
IV IM SQ
36
____ is the force of attraction between a drug and a receptor
Affinity
37
____ is a drugs ability to cause the expected response
Efficacy
38
What are pharmacodynamics?
Effects on the body
39
What is a second messenger?
Chemical that participates in complex cascading reactions that eventually cause lately a drugs desired effect
40
What is the most common second messenger?
Cyclic AMP
41
What is up-regulation?
A drug that causes the formation of more receptors than normal
42
What is synergism?
Two drugs that both have the same effect that are given together and produce a response greater than the sum of their individual responses
43
What is potentiation?
When one drug enhances the effect of another
44
What is the therapeutic action of a drug?
Ratio of a drugs lethal and effective doses
45
Epinephrine 1:10,000 is a potent ____ and _____ stimulant
Beta and alpha
46
Norepinephrine stimulates?
Alpha 1
47
____ is the most commonly used agent to treat hypotension associated with Cardiogenic shock
Dopamine
48
What are the effects of low dose dopamine?
Vasodilation of mesentery, coronary, and cerebral vessels
49
What are the effects of medium dose dopamine?
Stimulated beta receptors Chronotropic and inotropic affects
50
What are the adverse effects of cholinergic drugs?
Decreased heart rate, decreased peripheral vascular resistance resulting in hypotension and excessive wet stuff
51
Where are autonomic ganglia found?
Outside the central nervous system
52
______ pertains to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Cholinergic
53
____ pertains to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
Adrenergic
54
A drug or other substance that blocks the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is called?
Sympatholytic
55
____ is the preferred antihypertensive for the management of pregnancy-induced hypertension
Apresoline
56
Because they can thicken bronchial secretions, you should not use ______in patients with asthma
Antihistamines
57
An example of an anticholinergic drug used in the treatment of asthma is?
Atropine
58
The drug name that is derived from its chemical composition is referred to as its?
Chemical name
59
Drug legislation was instituted in 1906 by the?
Pure food and drug act
60
_____ agents oppose the parasympathetic nervous system
Anticholinergic
61
One of aspirins primary side effects is?
Bleeding

PHARMACOLOGY (8 decks)

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