Basics Flashcards
(24 cards)
A claim is what?
A proposition which is asserted or affirmed as true
What is a proposition?
Content of a claim, something that is believed as being true within a declarative statement
Asserted definition
Stated as being true without reasons
What does bivalent mean?
Propositions can be true or false
Describe the law of excluded middle
A proposition can be true or false
What is the Law of non-contradiction?
“P is true” and “p is false” cannot be asserted at the same time if it has the same meaning
What does antecedent mean?
First part of a logical proposition and is replaced by a pronoun
How can a claim be true?
Propositions contain a subject and a predicate
what is the subject of a proposition
The main thing that the proposition is about
What is the predicate of a proposition?
What is being added/ said about the subject
What is an analytic proposition?
A propostion that contains the predicate within it
What is a synthetic proposition?
A proposition the doesn’t contain the predicate within it, proposition brings together a predicate and a subject. (from experience
and need evidence)
True a priori meaning
Does not require experience
What is a premise?
A proposition that forms the basis of an argument or from which a conclusion is drawn (supports the conclusion)
What Is meant by the conclusion?
A proposition thats justified by a number of premises
What is a deductive argument
An argument where if the premises are true then the conclusion must be true
What is an inductive argument?
An argument where if the premises are true then the conclusion may be false
What is valid
a deductive argument is valid if the premises are true and therefore means the conclusion must be true.
An argument could be invalid if the premises are true and the conclusion could be false
What is sound
A deductive argument is sound if it is valid and its premises are true
What is strong
An inductive argument is strong if it holds a compelling argument to suggest that the conclusion is true
An argument could be false if it doesn’t hold a compelling reason to think that the conclusion is false
Cogent
an inductive argument could be true if its reasons are strong and its premises are true
Abductive arguments
An argument that gives evidence and reasoning to support the best hypothesis or explanation of something observed
contradiction
propostions are contradictory if they are logically inconsistent and can’t be true at the same time
The law of identity
The logical law that if x=x, things are identical within themselves
