Basics Of A Atom Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the symbol for the atomic number
“Z”
What things does the atomic number tell you?
- the number of protons in the nucleus of the element
- the periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number
- change the atomic number, you change the element
- The atomic number identifies the type of atom/element
What is the symbol for Mass number?
“A”
How do you calculate the mass number?
- The number of protons + the number of neutrons.
How do you find the number of protons?
- From the atomic number (periodic table)
- or the difference between the number of neutrons and the atomic mass.
How do you find the number of electrons?
From the number of protons.
How do you find the number of neutrons?
- from the difference between the atomic mass and the number of protons.
How do you find the atomic number?
- from the periodic table or from the number of protons.
What are Isotopes?
- they are the different “types” of an element’s atom.
- Same amount of protons, but different amount of neutrons.
What are the notations of Isotopes?
1) Hyphen Notation: elements — mass # (H-1, H-2)
2) Nuclear Notation:
A — the atomic mass
X — the symbol for the element
Z — the atomic number
What measurement is used for the atomic mass?
amu
What does the atomic mass stand for?
The average mass of all the isotopes of that element, based on their abundance in nature.
What are Ions?
- Charged particle (“atom”) due to the gain or loss of electrons
What is a anion?
This is when an element gains electrons, and has more electrons then protons which makes a negative Ion (aka Anion)
What is a cation?
This is when an element loses their electrons, and has less electrons then protons which makes a positive ion. (Cation)
Why do Ions form?
- Atoms can become ions in order to be more stable, less reactive.
- they also want their valence shell to be like one of the noble gases.
What are some examples of Ions?
1+
Na — this formed because since Sodium has 11 protons and electrons and it losed 1 electron. It became 11 protons and 10 neutrons giving it a positive charge.
2+ Sr — this formed because since Strontium has 38 protons and electrons. When it loses 2 electrons, it became 38 protons and 36 electrons giving it 2 more protons then electrons. 3- P — this formed because since phosphorous has 15 protons and electrons. When it gained 3 electrons, it became 15 protons and 18 electrons giving it 3 more electrons then protons.
What are atoms?
The building blocks of matter.
What is the unit that scientist use to describe the mass of an atom?
amu
What does 1 amu equivalent to?
- 24
1. 67 x 10 grams (0.0000000000000000000000000167)
Or….
-24
1 Hydrogen atom is = 1.67 x 10 g = 1 amu
-23
1 carbon atom = 1.99 x 10 g = 12 amu
What is the atom made up of?
- sub-atomic particles — together make matter
Protons, neutrons, electrons
What charge is a proton?
Positive
What charge is a neutron?
Neutral
What charge is a electron?
Negative
