Basics of Pharmacology

Question 1

___ refer(s) to specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor, while ___ are the resulting widespread alterations in function.

a. Drug action; drug effects
b. Drug action; therapeutic effects
c. Side effects; drug effects
d. Therapeutic effects; side effects

Answer 1

a. Drug action; drug effects

Question 2

The area postrema is one area in the brain where the ___ is not complete.

a. Blood-brain barrier
b. Phospholipid membrane
c. Choroid plexus
d. Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 2

a. Blood-brain barrier

Question 3

First-pass metabolism occurs with orally administered drugs because

a. drugs absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach go to the liver on the way to general circulation
b. their absorption is slowed by food
c. drugs must first survive the acidic environment of the stomach
d. salivary enzymes in the mouth begin the process of metabolism

Answer 3

a. Drugs absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach go to the liver on the way to general circulation

Question 4

Both agonists and antagonists have ___ but only agonists have appreciable ___.

a. affinity; bioavailability
b. affinity; efficacy
c. efficacy; affinity
d. interactions; affinity

Answer 4

b. affinity; efficacy

Question 5

In the dose-response curve, a decrease in potency is indicated by a shift

a. upward
b. to the right
c. to the left
d. downward

Answer 5

b. to the right

Question 6

Biotransformation of drugs can result in the formation of ___, which enter the circulation and cause ___.

a. inactive metabolites; sensitization
b. active metabolites; prolonged drug action
c. enzymes; tolerance
d. active metabolites; tolerance

Answer 6

b. active metabolites; prolonged drug action