basta hanggang katapusan

Question 1

Cutting increases the surface area, making the molecules more exposed to heat

Answer 1

SURFACE AREA

Question 2

Lowers activation energy allowing more reactant molecules to collide with enough energy to react

Answer 2

CATALYSTS

Question 3

The higher the kinetic energy, the faster the reaction or collision

Answer 3

KINETIC ENERGY

Question 4

Rate of chemical reaction is proportional to the number of collisions between reactant molecules.

Answer 4

COLLISION THEORY

Question 4

Study of the rates of chemical reactions/how fast a reaction can occur.

Molecules must collide to have reactions.

Answer 4

CHEMICAL KINETICS

Question 5

Collisions must be sufficiently energetic (kinetic) to break chemical bonds.

The activation energy must lower for a reaction to occur and vice versa.

A+B=PRODUCTS

Answer 5

ACTIVATION ENERGY

Question 6

Result in a chemical reaction (new product was formed)

ex. burning, food, acid

Answer 6

EFFECTIVE COLLISIONS

Question 7

Reactions that doesn’t lead to product formation

ex. salt and water

Answer 7

INEFFECTIVE COLLISIONS

Question 8

The process of speeding up a reaction through a catalyst

Answer 8

CATALYSIS

Question 9

Substances that speed up the rate of chemical reaction

Answer 9

CATALYST

Question 10

Same physical state or phase (e.g. water + muriatic acid)

Answer 10

HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST

Question 11

Catalysts found in living organisms

ex. protein

Answer 11

ENZYMES

Question 11

Reactants in different phases

Answer 11

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

Question 11

Expresses the degree of disorder in a system.

Answer 11

THERMODYNAMIC QUANTITY: ENTROPY

Question 11

System MORE ordered, the entropy…

Answer 11

DECREASES

Question 11

A measure of how much energy of the particles become more spread out in a process

Answer 11

ENTROPY

Question 12

System LESS ordered, the entropy…

Answer 12

INCREASES

Question 12

Microstatic arrangement of the energy of each molecule in the whole system in an instant.

• greater no of possible microstates, the higher entropy

Answer 12

COMPARING ENTROPIES
1. No. of possible microstates

Question 13

Gases have higher entropy than liquids, and liquids have higher entropy than solids.

Answer 13

COMPARING ENTROPIES
2. Phases

Question 14

The higher the temperature, the higher the entropy.

Answer 14

COMPARING ENTROPIES
3. Temperature

Question 14

The dissolution process increases the entropy.

Answer 14

COMPARING ENTROPIES
5. Dissolved substances vs Precipitate

Question 14

More molecules of gas have a higher total entropy; greater no. of gas, greater no. of arrangement of gas particles.

Answer 14

COMPARING ENTROPIES
6. Presence of Gas

Question 14

Entropy is higher in a mixture of two or more particle. Additional orientations and interactions of homo-identical components.

Answer 14

COMPARING ENTROPIES
4. Mixture vs Pure Solvent

Question 15

Occurs without outside intervention. Happens automatically does not require an input of energy and has a tendency to proceed in one direction.

Answer 15

SPONTANEOUS PROCESS

Question 16

ΔS∘rxn = Σ S∘(products)−Σ S∘(reactants) WHERE: **ΔS∘rxn** - change in entropy reaction **S∘** - standard entropy **rxn** - reaction **Δ** - change

Answer 16

FORMULA FOR **ENTROPY**

Question 17

Helps determine whether a chemical reaction will occur **spontaneously** under constant temperature and pressure

Answer 17

GIBBS FREE ENERGY

Question 18

Reactions take place without external force. - NEGATIVE VALUE

Answer 18

SPONTANEOUS REACTION

Question 19

Reactions CANNOT TAKE PLACE without the influence of external force. - POSITIVE VALUE

Answer 19

NON-SPONTANEOUS REACTION

Question 20

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS Where: ΔG - Gibbs free energy H - Enthalpy (total heat content) T - Temp (in Kelvin) S - Entropy (measure of disorder)

Answer 20

GIBBS FREE ENERGY FORMULA

Question 21

**Equilibrium** rate of forward reaction **EQUALS** the rate of backward reaction.

Answer 21

REACTION EQUILIBRIUM

Question 22

Given in order to identify if the equilibrium reaction is **reverse or forward**

Answer 22

CONSTANT EQUILIBRIUM (Kc)

Question 23

If the value is **LOWER** than Kc, then it is a...

Answer 23

FORWARD REACTION

Question 24

When a system of equilibrium is subjected to change in concentrations (concentration, temperature, pressure) - The system will **shift** direction that counteracts itself that change and restores equilibrium

Answer 24

LE CHATELIER'S PRINCIPLE

Question 25

If the value is **GREATER** than Kc, then it is a...

Answer 25

REVERSE REACTION

Question 26

Increasing the concentration of a reactant **shifts** equilibrium **towards** the product Increasing the concentration of a product **shifts** equilibrium towards the reactants

Answer 26

KEY FACTORS AFFECTING EQUILIBRIUM 1. Concentration Change

Question 27

In endothermic reactions (heat is absorbed) **increasing temperature shifts equilibrium towards the product ** In exothermic reactions (heat is released) **increasing temperature shifts equilibrium towards the reactants**

Answer 27

KEY FACTORS AFFECTING EQUILIBRIUM 2. Temperature Change

Question 28

Increasing pressure shifts equilibrium toward the side with fewer gas molecules. Decreasing pressure shifts equilibrium toward the side with more gas molecules.

Answer 28

KEY FACTORS AFFECTING EQUILIBRIUM 3. Pressure and Volume Change (gas)

Question 29

A catalyst does not shift equilibrium but helps the system reach equilibrium **faster**

Answer 29

KEY FACTORS AFFECTING EQUILIBRIUM 4. Catalyst Addition

Question 30

Describes acid-base interactions in terms of proton transfer between chemical species Proposed by **Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted and Thomas Martin Lowry** An acids and bases are the concept of **conjugate acid-base** pair

Answer 30

BRONSTED-LOWRY THEORY

Question 31

Measure of acidity, power of hydrogen

Answer 31

pH

Question 32

Proposed the pH

Answer 32

SOREN SORENSEN