Batson & Darley/Latane

Question 1

five reasons why we help others

Answer 1

1. For personal benefits
2. Social-Exchange Theory
3. Social norms
4. Because it benefits others
5. Empathy

Question 2

1. We help others for personal benefits. When we help others for ______ reasons. We do it for our own __________ or the _____ we receive.

Answer 2

1. We help others for personal benefits. When we help others for EGOISTIC reasons. We do it for our own SELF-SATISFICATION or the PRAISE we receive

Question 3

in helping others for personal benefit. The help provided to the other person is only a _______

Answer 3

The help provided to the other person is only a BYPRODUCT

Question 4

Give two examples of helping others for personal benefits

Answer 4

Ego boost
Giving blood can save a life

Question 5

2. The social exchange theory suggest that we help with the aim to ______ our rewards and ______ our costs. if the pay off exceeds the _______, we help

Answer 5

The social exchange theory suggest that we help with the aim to MAXIMIZE our rewards and MINIMIZE our costs. if the pay off exceeds the COSTS, we help

Question 6

Give Examples of social exchange theory

Answer 6

EX. is it really worth it
risk -benefit. In our favour or not.

Question 7

3. why is Social Norms a reason we help : because there is a _____________ for us to do so. for instance, we know that we are expected to help those who have helped us. this is called “______________”

Answer 7

why is Social Norms a reason we help : because there is a SOCIAL EXPECTATION for us to do so. for instance, we know that we are expected to help those who have helped us. this is called “RECIPROCITY NORM”

Question 8

4. We help because it benefit others. When we help others for __________ reasons, we strive to increase their welfare without conscious regard of our own___________

Answer 8

4. We help because it benefit others. When we help others for ALTRUISTIC reasons, we strive to increase their welfare without conscious regard of our own SELF-INTEREST.

Question 9

In helping others for their benefit, any satisfaction we feel is only a _________

Answer 9

In helping others for their benefit, any satisfaction we feel is only a BY-PRODUCT

Question 10

Altruistic or Egoistic Motivation
1. when we witness distress
- Help reduce your stress:
- Help reduce my stress:

2. “if I have to watch you suffer more, im willing to help” :

Answer 10

Altruistic or Egoistic Motivation
1. when we witness distress
- Help reduce your stress: ALTRUISTIC
- Help reduce my stress
EGOISTIC

2. “if I have to watch you suffer more, im willing to help” - EGOISTIC

Question 11

5. Helping for empathy. We may help because we are_____________other peoples ________ and pain.

Answer 11

5. Helping for empathy. We may help because we are VICARIOUSLY EXPERIENCING other peoples EMOTIONS and pain.

Question 12

what hypothesis explains that more empathy we feel for a person and the more altruistic motivation we experience to help. Who said this hypothesis?

Answer 12

Empathy-altruism hypothesis by BASTON

Question 13

who’s ideas are these ?
information on scale of empathy
how much someone cares about a person
POSITIVE empathic concern=(+) likely to help regardless of watching them suffer.
NEGATIVE empathic concern: (+) easy escape

Answer 13

Bastons

Question 14

what does feeling empathy for someone in needs lead ?

Answer 14

increased helping from the person feeling.

Question 15

Extraordinary altruism

Answer 15

• Amygdala (more reactive/ larger)
  -recognition of fear

selfless acts performed for strangers, significantly exceeding typical altruistic behaviors and often involving personal risk or cost.

Question 16

what do bystanders?

Answer 16

Non-intervention in urgent situations

Question 17

Who wanted to find out PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS that could stop people from helping in an emergency situation. (bystander non-intervention)

Answer 17

Darley and Latane

Question 18

The more bystanders, less likely to help

Question 19

Give the percentage of people helped and who helped quickly during the seizure in each situation
Participant + victim :
Participant + victim + 1 bystander:
Participant + victim + 4 bystanders

Answer 19

1. 100%
2. 85%
   3.60%

during the seizure
1. 85%
2.62%
3.31%

Question 20

What does Darley and Latanes study on bystanders illustrates ?

Answer 20

BYSTANDER APATHY

Question 21

what is bystander apathy ?

Answer 21

it is the tendency interventions to be greatly decreased when there are MULTIPLE bystanders present.

Question 22

5 step model pf helping

Answer 22

1. Notice
2. Check if help is needed
3. Assume responsibility
4. Decide what to do
5. Do it
   leads to HELP

Question 23

Step 1 of 5 step model of helping

Answer 23

Noticing the event : we must notice what is going around in order to help.

Question 24

Research says that we may be _____ likely to ______ the signs of emergency in a group.

Answer 24

Research says that we may be LESS likely to DETECT the signs of emergency in a group.

Question 25

alone it takes___ seconds to notice with others it takes ___ seconds to notice

Answer 25

alone it takes 5 seconds to notice with others it takes 20 seconds to notice

Question 26

Step 2) of the 5 step model of helping

Answer 26

2. Interpret sitation as one in which help is needed. Social situations are AMBIGIOUS and we need to interpret them. We may mistakenly think that a situation is not urgent and fail to help.

Question 27

how does bystanders affect our interpretations of a emergency situation ?

Answer 27

if none else is helping we might think that help is not needed. THIS contributes to BYSTANDER APATHY.

Question 28

step 3) ?

Answer 28

Assume responsibility:

Question 29

what does it means to assume responsibility

Answer 29

to assume personal responsibility for helping ("it my job to help")

Question 29

what is called when the responsibility to help is SPREAD OUT among more than one person.What is the effect of this ?

Answer 29

Diffusion of responsibility (step 3)the more onlookers the less responsibility we feel contributing to bystander apathy.

Question 30

Step 4) of the 5 step model of helping

Answer 30

Decide what action to take. Reactions are untrained and unrehearsed since emergencies are not common. we will be less likely to step in if we don't know how to help.

Question 31

Step 5) last step of 5 model of helping

Answer 31

Take action to help!. sometimes we can still hesitate to help after completing all models

Question 32

why do we hesitate to help ?

Answer 32

fear of embarrassment if our intervention is wrong or inappropriate (evaluation apprehension) or helping means taking a risk , some might not be willing to take that risk