Battaglia/Steele

Question 1

3 types of monitoring in E/CC setting

Answer 1

hands-on, clinicopathologic, device-based

Question 2

PE includes

Answer 2

inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion, olfaction, temperature

Question 3

abdominal palpation

Answer 3

1: cranial-dorsal
2: cranial-ventral
3: mid-dorsal
4: mid-ventral
5: caudal-dorsal
6: caudal-ventral

Question 4

pulse pressure

Answer 4

systolic-diastolic

Question 5

pulse deficit

Answer 5

heart isn’t able to pump enough blood
EX: DCM, a-fib, premature arrhythmias

Question 6

bounding pulses

Answer 6

compensatory shock

Question 7

weak/thready pulses

Answer 7

poor cardiac output, hypovolemia, tachycardia, arrhythmias

Question 8

how to use a stethoscope

Answer 8

bell: light contact - low frequency
diaphragm: firm contact - high frequency

Question 9

percussion

Answer 9

air: hollow
fluid:: dull/flat

Question 10

maximum amount of blood to draw per week

Answer 10

5 - 7% blood volume (Casal & Bentz, 2018)

Question 11

rate of glucose metabolism per hour when plasma remains in contact with rbcs

Answer 11

5-10% per hour

Question 12

cause of lipemic samples

Answer 12

recent meal
panc
DM
hypothyroid
lipid disorders

Question 13

cause of icteric samples

Answer 13

liver disease or hemolytic anemia

Question 14

cause of hemolysis

Answer 14

poro sampling technique
IV hemolysis (hemolytic anemia)

Question 15

MCV

Answer 15

mean corpuscular volume: volume of the average RBC

Question 16

role of plasma proteins

Answer 16

transportation, coagulation, immune protection, oncotic pressure

Question 17

interpret the following with high PCV
normal TS
low TS
high TS

Answer 17

-splenic contraction/breed normal

protein loss or decreased RBC production with splenic contraction and dehydration (AHDS)

dehydration

Question 18

interpret the following with low PCV
normal TS
low TS
high TS

Answer 18

anemia from RBC destruction or dec production

blood loss or dilution

protein over production and anemia (bone marrow diseases, FIP)

Question 19

interpret the following with normal PCV
low TS
high TS

Answer 19

decreased protein production or loss from GIT/Urinary

dehydration + anemia or increased globulin production (FiP/infectious dx)

Question 20

perform a blood smear evaluation

Answer 20

low power scan: clumping at feathered edge
x40: monolayer: estimate WBC (1 field x 1600)
x100: platelet count (x 15000)

Question 21

determine venous vs arterial stick

Answer 21

PCO2: venous&raquo_space; arterial
PO2: venous &laquo_space;arterial

Question 22

PaO2

Answer 22

how well blood is oxygenating, how well lungs and pulmonary circulation are functioning

Question 23

PaCO2

Answer 23

indicator of ventilation

Question 24

HCO3

Answer 24

major buffer

Question 25

BE

Answer 25

amount of base above or below the normal buffer level Base deficit (neg) how many units of base are needed to return to neutral base excess (pos)

Question 26

steps of a blood gas

Answer 26

1) pH 2) HCO3/BE 3) PaCO2

Question 27

expected aO2

Answer 27

5x FiO2

Question 28

PaOO2 < 60 - 80 mmHg

Answer 28

mild to severe hypoxmia

Question 29

COP

Answer 29

colloid osmotic pressure

Question 30

Type A lactic acidosis

Answer 30

tissue hypoxia, poor perfusion, shock

Question 31

Type B lactic acidosis

Answer 31

1) systemic illness 2) drugs/toxins 3) hereditary 4) misc.

Question 32

Coagulation tests

Answer 32

ACT BMBT manual platelet counts PT/aPTT

Question 33

Primary hemostasis

Answer 33

relates to platelet or vessel dissorders measured by BMBT and plt count ex: VWd, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathia, vasculopathies platelet adhesion, activation, aggregation

Question 34

secondary hemostasis

Answer 34

coagulation cascade

Question 35

Pulse oximeter

Answer 35

transmittance type (clip) reflectance type 92% = PaO2 60 mmHg

Question 36

Blood Pressure

Answer 36

direct oscillometric doppler: 1st systolic, change diastolic

Question 37

calculate MAP

Answer 37

DP + (SP-DP)/3

Question 38

EtCO2

Answer 38

alternative to PaCO2 (blood gas) and about 5mm less than arterial

Question 39

CVP

Answer 39

BP w/in R atrium (cranial or caudal VC)to assess for hopovolemia or at risk of volume overload normal: 0-10 cm H2O hypovolemia

Question 40

goal placement of CVC

Answer 40

mid jugular to second rib space: cranial to right atrium

Question 41

hydration deficit formula

Answer 41

volume (mL) = dehydration (decimal) x kg x 1000

Question 42

maintenence fluid requirementrange

Answer 42

40-60 ml/kg/day

Question 43

storage lesions in blood produccts

Answer 43

no mitochondria = glycolosis for ATP production = lower pH imapired RBC survival reduced O2 carrying proinflammatory and oxidative damage

Question 44

major XM

Answer 44

patient plasma, donor RBC

Question 45

minor XM

Answer 45

patient RBC, donor plasma

Question 46

dose of PPRBC

Answer 46

10mLkg

Question 47

dose of WB

Answer 47

20mL/kg

Question 48

RBC dosing formula is known as PCV

Answer 48

90mL x (kg) x (goal PCV - patient PCV) / PCV

Question 49

RBC dosing formula, PCV 80%

Answer 49

2mL x PCV inc. x BW

Question 50

RBC dosing formula, PCV 60%

Answer 50

1.5ml x PCV inc. x BW

Question 51

WB dosing formula, PCV 45%

Answer 51

1ml x PCV inc. x BW

Question 52

blood filter size

Answer 52

170 - 260 micrometers

Question 53

Allergic reactions

Answer 53

Type 1 hypersensitivity (igE on mast cells degranulate and release histamine and leuktrienes)

Question 54

What does SBAR stand for?

Answer 54

SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation.

Question 55

What does I-PASS stand for?

Answer 55

I-PASS stands for Introduction, Patient summary, Action list, Situation awareness/contingency planning, synthesis by receiver.