BB 1 - Chromosomes

Question 1

What are macromolecules?

Answer 1

Large molecules necessary for life.

Question 2

How many types of macromolecules are there?

Answer 2

Four

Question 3

What are names of the types of macromolecules?

Answer 3

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids

Question 4

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 4

Organic compounds found in cells and organisms. They are also polymers.

Question 5

What are nucleic acids made of?

Answer 5

Nucleotides

Question 6

How many types of nucleic acids are there?

Answer 6

Two

Question 7

What are the names of the types of nucleic acids?

Answer 7

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 8

What do nucleotides make?

Answer 8

DNA and RNA molecules

Question 9

What components does each nucleotide contain?

Answer 9

Sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose)
Phosphate
Nitrogenous Base

Question 10

How does a sugar-phosphate backbone form?

Answer 10

The sugar of one nucleotide joins to the phosphate of the next nucleotide.

Question 11

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 11

Single-stranded helix

Question 12

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 12

Double stranded helix

Question 13

What are the names of the bases in RNA?

Answer 13

Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Uracil

Question 14

What are the names of the bases in DNA?

Answer 14

Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine

Question 15

What is the sugar in RNA?

Answer 15

Ribose

Question 16

What is the sugar in DNA?

Answer 16

Deoxyribose

Question 17

How do the two strands bind together in DNA?

Answer 17

Complementary base pairing
Adenine pairs with Thymine
Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Question 18

How are the complementary bases in DNA held together?

Answer 18

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 19

How many bonds does Adenine and Thymine form in DNA?

Answer 19

Two

Question 20

How many bonds does Guanine and Cytosine form in DNA?

Answer 20

Three

Question 21

How does the double helix in DNA twist?

Answer 21

Unbalanced forces due to the number of hydrogen bonds formed between Adenine and Thymine which there are two, and Guanine and Cytosine which there are three.

Question 22

What are the family names

Answer 22

Purine and Pyrimidine

Question 23

What is the name of the nitrogen base family for Thymine and Cytosine in DNA?

Answer 23

Pyrimidine

Question 24

What is the name of the nitrogen base family for Adenine and Guanine in DNA?

Answer 24

Purine

Question 25

Where is DNA located in the cell?

Answer 25

In the nucleus

Question 26

Where is RNA located in the cell?

Answer 26

In the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 27

What is the name of a molecule of DNA?

Answer 27

A chromosome

Question 28

What do chromosomes contain?

Answer 28

Genes

Question 29

What are genes?

Answer 29

A segment of DNA that codes for a polypeptide chain, protein, or RNA molecule.

Question 30

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 30

A type of cell which does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

Question 31

What is an example of prokaryotes?

Answer 31

Bacteria and blue-green algae

Question 32

What is the size of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

Answer 32

Small

Question 33

What cell division process do prokaryotes undergo?

Answer 33

Binary fission

Question 34

What is in the cell wall of prokaryotes?

Answer 34

Protein and complex sugar

Question 35

What membrane-bound organelles are in prokaryotes?

Answer 35

None

Question 36

How many chromosomes are in prokaryotes?

Answer 36

One, circular chromosome

Question 37

Where is the chromosome located in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 37

In the cytosol of the cell, attached to the membrane.

Question 38

What other small circular piece of DNA prokaryotes may contain?

Answer 38

A plasmid

Question 39

How are chromosomes organised in DNA?

Answer 39

Wrapping DNA molecules around histone proteins to create linear chromosomes.

Question 40

When are chromosomes visible as discrete units?

Answer 40

When they are condensed during cell division.

Question 41

What are autosomes?

Answer 41

Non-sex cells

Question 42

What are gametes?

Answer 42

Sex cells

Question 43

Why is DNA important?

Answer 43

It is the chemical unit of most organisms Stores and transmits information necessary for cellular processes Can self-replicate

Question 44

What is the size of eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?

Answer 44

Large

Question 45

What cell division process do eukaryotes undergo?

Answer 45

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 46

What is in the cell wall of eukaryotes?

Answer 46

Complex sugar (cellulose) in plants cell only

Question 47

What membrane-bound organelles are in eukaryotes?

Answer 47

Mitochondria Golgi Body Endoplasmic Reticulum