BB Ch25 - Zoonoses Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
- T or F: Smallpox (Orthopoxvirus) naturally occurs in NHPs?
A
False
2
Q
- What is the genus for the Monkeypox virus?
A
Orthopoxvirus
3
Q
- Monkeypox naturally occurs in animals from which continent?
A
Africa
4
Q
- What animals have recently been identified as a host and significant reservoir of Monkeypox?
A
- Squirrel (Funisciurus and Heliosciurus)
5
Q
- What are the clinical signs of Monkeypox in NHPs?
A
- Fever, followed by cutaneous eruptions, especially on limbs 4-5 days later
6
Q
- Clinical signs of Monkeypox in humans?
A
- Fever, malaise, headache, backache, prostration, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, rash
7
Q
- What is the genus for the Benign Epidermal Monkeypox (BEMP) virus?
A
Yatapoxvirus
8
Q
- Give another name for BEMP.
A
Tanapox
9
Q
- What are the clinical signs of BEMP?
A
- Epidermal and adnexal red lesions on eyelids, face, body, genitalia
10
Q
- Differentiate between BEMP and Yaba lesions.
A
- BEMP lesions are in the epidermis and adnexal structures, while Yaba is subcutaneous
11
Q
- What are the similarities between BEMP and Yaba lesions?
A
- Both have eosinophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
12
Q
- What is the genus for the Yaba virus?
A
Yatapoxvirus
13
Q
- What is the genus for the Orf (Contagious Ecthyma) virus?
A
Parapoxvirus
14
Q
- Orf affects which animals?
A
Sheep and goats
15
Q
- How is Orf transmitted?
A
- Direct contact with scabs
16
Q
- Is Orf a DNA or RNA virus?
A
- Double-stranded DNA
17
Q
- What are the clinical signs of Orf in animals?
A
- Encrustations on lips, nostrils, mucus membranes of oral cavity and urogenital orifices
18
Q
- What are the clinical signs of Orf in humans?
A
- Solitary lesion (sometimes multiple) on hands, arms, or face
19
Q
- Are the hemorrhagic fever viruses (Flaviviruses, Marburg, Ebola, Hantavirus) RNA or DNA viruses?
A
RNA
20
Q
- Is simian hemorrhagic fever zoonotic?
A
No
21
Q
- Flaviviruses (Yellow fever, Dengue) are transmitted by which mosquitoes of which genus?
A
Aedes
22
Q
- African monkeys usually develop a mild form of yellow fever. What are the clinical signs for New World monkeys (NWM)?
A
- Fever, vomiting, anorexia, yellow to green urine, icterus, albuminuria
23
Q
- What are the eosinophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in necrotic hepatocytes called?
A
Councilman bodies
24
Q
- Which NHP diseases are reportable to the CDC?
A
- Yellow fever, Marburg, monkeypox, Ebola
25
25. What is the genus of the Marburg virus (Vervet Monkey Disease)?
Filovirus
26
26. How do NHPs fare when experimentally infected with Marburg?
100% fatal in African green monkeys
27
27. What is the genus for the Ebola virus?
Filovirus
28
28. What is the leading reservoir candidate for Ebola?
Bats
29
29. What is the mode of transmission for Ebola?
29. Direct contact with humans or animals shedding the organism
30
30. What are the clinical signs in the monkey for Ebola zaire or Ebola sudan?
30. Febrile, debilitating illness with viremia, tissue necrosis, effusions, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, death
31
31. What are the clinical signs in humans?
31. Similar to NHPs with fever, chills, headache, myalgia, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, sore throat, bloody diarrhea
32
32. What are the clinical signs in monkeys infected with Ebola reston?
32. Hemorrhagic disease involving multiple organ systems, death in 8-14 days
33
33. The genus Hantavirus is in what family?
Bunyaviridae
34
34. Name the two clinical disease syndromes associated with Hantavirus infection.
34. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, pulmonary syndrome
35
35. How is Hanatvirus transmitted?
Infectious aerosols
36
36. What nonrodent animal may serve as a potential reservoir for Hantavirus?
Cats
37
37. What is the only mouse virus that affects humans?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
38
38. How is LCMV transmitted to humans?
38. Airborne, close contact, cell lines
39
39. How is LCMV transmitted between rodents?
in utero
40
40. What are the clinical signs of LCMV in humans?
40. Fever, myalgia, headache, malaise
41
Macacine herpesvirus 1 persists where in the macaque’s body?
41. Trigeminal and genital ganglia
42
43. T or F: Human to human transmission of B virus can occur?
True
43
44. What is the incubation period for B virus?
44. 2 days to 5 weeks and up to 10 years
44
46. What are the family and genus of the rabies virus?
46. Family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus
45
47. Can wild-caught groundhogs and rabbits transmit rabies?
Yes
46
48. Which hepatitis virus has significant zoonotic potential?
Hepatitis A
47
49. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus infects OWM or NWM?
OWM
48
50. How is SIV transmitted?
Horizontally and vertically
49
51. What type of virus is SIV?
Lentivirus
50
52. Foamy viruses (retroviruses) have been isolated from NWM or OWM?
Both OWM and NWM
51
53. What is the genus for the measles virus?
Morbillivirus
52
54. Does the measles infect NWM or OWM?
Both, OWM, NWM
53
55. What is the reservoir for measles virus?
Humans
54
56. What is the incubation period for measles virus in humans and NHPs?
10 days
55
57. What are the spots on the buccal mucosa called with measles virus?
Koplik’s spots
56
58. How do domestic birds become infected with Newcastle disease?
By wild birds
57
59. What is the important means of transmission to humans for Newcastle disease?
aerosol
58
60. What are the clinical signs of Newcastle disease in humans?
60. Follicular conjunctivitis, fever, cough, pneumonia
59
61. What is the reservoir for influenza?
Humans
60
62. What animal is very susceptible to the flu?
ferrets
61
63. What is the murine typhus agent?
Rickettsia typhi
62
64. What is the vector for Rickettsia typhi
flea
63
65. What is the newly recognized vector which presents an increased risk of transmission to laboratory animal facility personnel?
65. Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
64
66. Which mite transmits rickettsial pox?
66. Liponyssoides (Allodermanyssus) sanguineus
65
67. Coxiella burnetti mainly infects which animals?
Sheep, goats, and cattle
66
68. What are the clinical signs of Q fever in humans?
68. Fever, frontal headache, retro-orbital pain, chest pain, cough, pneumonia, hepatitis, nephritis, epicarditis, endocarditis
67
69. Animals with Q fever should be kept under what safety level?
ABSL-3
68
70. Should humans with C. burnetti titers be vaccinated?
No
69
71. T or F: Chlamydial agents may occur naturally in animal species other than birds?
True
70
72. What is the revised name for Chlamydia psittaci?
Chlamydophilia psittaci
71
73. What is the mode of transmission for Chlamydophilia psittaci?
73. Direct contact or aerosolized infectious material present from exudates, secretions, and desiccated fecal material
72
74. What are the diagnostic tests for C. psittaci?
74. Complement fixation serology, fecal ELISA, inclusion bodies in tissues, organism isolation
73
Which animals are responsible for 90% of recorded bites in the US?
Dogs and cats
74
Which are the common organisms isolated from dog bites?
Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., anaerobes, Pasteurella multocida
75
Name 5 organisms isolated from rat bites.
Leptospira interrogans, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Spirillum minus
76
78. Haverhill fever is associated with which organism?
Streptobacillus moniliformis
77
79. Organism responsible for cat scratch fever
Bartonella henselae
78
80. How is Bartonella henselae shed?
In flea feces; scratched into traumatized skin
79
81. How susceptible are humans to Brucella canis?
Humans are relatively resistant
80
82.Name the primary plague reservoirs in the western US
Sciurid rodents: rock squirrels, California ground squirrels, chipmunks, prairie dogs
81
83.How is plague transmitted to humans?
Flea bite, skin abrasion, aerosol
82
84.Wild rats normally carry which species of Leptospira?
L. icterohaemorrhagiae
83
85.Which Campylobacter species are the leading causes of human diarrhea?
Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli
84
86.Which Helicobacter species causes enteric helicobacteriosis, is primarily recovered from immunocompromised individuals, and is carried by hamsters?
Helicobacter cinaedi
85
87.The Helicobacter species found in dogs is what?
H. bizzozeronii
86
88.What treatments are used for gastric helicobacter infections?
Bismuth subsalicylate, amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole
87
89.Salmonella isolates are now classified under which species, even though it is usually dropped in favor of the serotype?
S. choleraesuis
88
90.Which animals are particularly dangerous sources of Salmonella?
Birds, reptiles, chicks, ducklings
89
91.T or F: Salmonella readily disintegrates in feces?
F, survives for months in feces
90
92.Which are the most common species of Shigella in NHPs?
Shigella flexneri, sonnei, dysenteriae
91
93.What is the main reservoir for Shigella?
Humans
92
94.What are the three most common species of Mycobacterium?
Mycobacterium bovis, avium, tuberculosis
93
95.Which are more susceptible to M. tuberculosis: OWM or NWM?
OWM
94
96.What is the tuberculosis vaccine called and why is it not always used?
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) elicits a positive tb test
95
97.Name three types of dermatophytes and from which animals they are most commonly isolated?
Microsporum canis – dogs and cats, Trichophyton verrucosum – livestock, Trichophyton mentagrophytes – lab rodents
96
98.Amebiasis is caused by which protozoan parasite?
Entamoeba histolytica
97
99.Do normal water-purification chlorine levels destroy Entamoeba cysts?
No
98
100.Balantidium coli is common in which domestic animal?
Domestic swine
99
101.Which Cryptosporidium species is considered a human pathogen?
Cryptosporidium parvum
100
102.What is prominent in cryptosporidial oocysts?
black dot
101
103. Human giardiasis is caused by which protozoan parasite?
Giardia lamblia
102
104.T or F: There are only a couple of mammals that can be intermediate hosts for Toxoplasma gondii?
F – hundreds of species
103
105.What problems are most apparent in congenital toxoplasmosis ?
Neuropathological
104
106.Oocysts are shed by a cat for approximately how long?
Under three weeks
105
107.Rodentolepis nana (formerly Hymenolepis nana) is a common parasite of which pest?
House mouse
106
108.Zoonotic helminth carried by raccoons?
Baylisascaris procyonis
107
109.What needs to be taken into consideration when treating for Liponyssus baconti (formerly Ornithonyssus bacoti)?
Environmental treatment with appropriate insecticides
108
110.Scientific name of the brown dog tick that readily infests kennels and vivaria?
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
