Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology Spring 2021: Set 2 > BBCS Notes > Flashcards

BBCS Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What does diabetes increase risk of? What should be done to prevent this?

A
  1. Heart disease

2. Manage BP and cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does insulin lower glucose?

A
  1. Glucose storage/through membranes

2. inhibit gluconeogenesis/lipolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Symptoms of DM1

A
  1. Polyuria
  2. Polydipsia
  3. Polyphagia
  4. Wt loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symptoms of DM2

A
  1. Can be none or
  2. Same as DM1 or
  3. Complications occur which lead to diagnosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Racial distribution of DM1

A

More common in white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Racial distribution of DM2

A

More common in African American/Hispanics/Native Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who should be checked for gestational diabetes?

A

All preg women after 24 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gestational diabetes put baby at risk for what?

A
  • preeclampsia,
  • fetal macrosomia (which can cause shoulder dystocia& birth injury),
  • & neonatal hypoglycemia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does GDM put mothers at risk for?

A

DM2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Patho of GDM

A
  1. Placenta produces hormones’
  2. Hormones inhibit the functioning of insulin
  3. BS increased
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypoglycemia patho

A
  1. Low BS
  2. Glucogon released from alpha cells of pancreas
  3. Liver releases glucose into blood
  4. Normal BS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hyperglycemia patho

A
  1. High BS
  2. Insulin released from beta cells of pancreas
  3. Fat cells take in glucose from blood
  4. Normal BS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

S&S of hypoglycemia

A
  1. Sleepy
  2. sweating
  3. pale/pallor
  4. lack of coordination
  5. irritable
  6. hunger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

S&S of hyperglycemia

A
  1. dry mouth
  2. increased thirst
  3. blurred vision
  4. weakness
  5. headache
  6. frequent urination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Improper control of DM1 can cause

A

DKA (BS 300-400)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Improper control of DM2 can cause

A

HHKN (BS 600-900)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Children with DM1 are commonly diagnosed when?

A

After illness (usually viral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What time of the day should a pt take latus?

A
  1. Whenever is convenient

2. Not when bolus is taken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

For someone who was just diagnosed with DM1 what medication will they be started on?

A

Rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What insulin is most common?

A

Regular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is HBA1C?

A

Average BS over 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do the differnt levels of HBA1C indicate?

A
  1. 7-6.4 (pre)

6. 5+ (diabetes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the goal HBA1C for a pt with diabetes?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What labs should be checked when diagnosing a pt with DM2?

A
  1. BUN
  2. Creatinine
  3. Potassium
  4. Urinalysis
  5. HGB/HCT
  6. EKG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Pan of care for newly diagnosed pt with DM2
1. Metformin
26
Pros of metformin
1. low side effects 2. does not increase wt 3. cheap
27
Cons of metformin
1. must d/c if getting a procedure w/dye | 2. no alcohol
28
What medication should pts with DM2 be on for HTN? What not?Why?
1. ACE 2. NOT statins 3. ACE help w/renal func.
29
What can low BS cause to occur?
Permanent brain damage
30
What is a GDM pt treated with?
Metformin or insulin
31
What is the "Gold standard" for DM therapy?
Insulin
32
TSH/T3/T4 levels in hypo and hyperthyroidism
hypo: increased TSH, decreased T3/T4 Hyper opposite
33
When might a preg women get tested before 24 wks?
if routine test shows high BS
34
What preparations are required for glucose challenge (tolerance) screening test in preg women?
none no fasting
35
Normal glucose challenge (tolerance) screening test numbers
Fasting-about 95 1 hr- about 180 2 hr- about 155 3 hr- about 140
36
What drug is used to treat hypothyroid? Generic and Brand
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
37
How long for Levothyroxine (Synthroid) to take effect? Why?
1. Long time (weeks) long half life
38
What preg class is Levothyroxine (Synthroid)?
A
39
What does Levothyroxine (Synthroid) effect?
1. Heart | 2 Can cause depression
40
What must be done when first prescribing Levothyroxine (Synthroid)?
Check levels 1st check: 4-6 weeks 2nd check: 6-8 weeks Once TSH is stable: once a year
41
Why MUST hyperthyroid be treated?
To avoid thyroid storm
42
What is the most common form of hyperthyroidism? prevelance?
Graves, 85%
43
How to describe hyperthyroidism to pt
feedback loop has failed and caused excessive hormones in the body
44
Most commonly used drug for hyperthyroid?
Methimazole (Tapazole)
45
What other drug is used to treat hyperthyroid
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
46
In which case would PTU be used over Methimazole?
If preg
47
Labs to monitor in pt treated for hyperthyroid? why?
1. CBC- RBCs, WBCs, platelets | 2. can cause agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia
48
Which hyperthyroid drug has BBW? What is it?
1. PTU | 2. liver failure
49
How long does hyperthyroid treatment usually last?
6 to 12 months
50
What is the function of "alpha" drugs?
Stim bone marrow to produce RBCs
51
What pt usually use alpha drugs?
1. CKD 2. Chemo 3. HIV 4. Surgery 5. Dialysis
52
How are alpha drugs administered?
injection
53
Adverse effects of alpha drugs
1. increase risk of clots 2. seizures 3. Heart problems 4. anaphylaxis 5. Skin reactions
54
Causes of iron def. anemia
1. blood loss 2. lack of dietary iron 3. inability to absorb (GI disorder) 4. preg (suppy mom and fetus)
55
Risk factors of iron def anemia
1. Women 2. infants/children 3. vegetarians 4. blood donors
56
Complications of iron def anemia
1. Heart probs 2. Preg probs 3. growth prbs
57
What is iron def. anemia treated with?
Iron "ferrous" or "iron"
58
Drug interaction w iron
many meds decrease absorption
59
Adverse effect of iron
1. gastric irritation 2. constipation 3. dark stool/teeth 4. anaphylaxis
60
FOlate is found in what foods?
fruits and leafy green vegetables
61
Who may have folic acid def.?
1. Sm intestine probs (celicac) 2. drinkers 3. certain drugs (anti-seizure) 4. preg
62
B12 is in what foods?
meat, eggs and milk.
63
What most commonly causes B12 def?
1. Lack of intrinsic factor (caused by immune system?) | 2. B12 cant be absorbed w/o intrsinisc factor
64
Name of B12 anemia
Pernicious
65
Who is at increased risk of pernicious anemia?
1. Autoimmune 2. Diabetes 3. Thyroid disease

Pharmacology Spring 2021: Set 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions