Bc 1

Question 1

What is biocatalysis?

Answer 1

Biocatalysis is the use of natural catalysts, such as enzymes, to conduct chemical reactions.

Question 2

True or False: Biocatalysis can only occur in living organisms.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What are the main advantages of using biocatalysts?

Answer 3

Biocatalysts are often more selective, operate under milder conditions, and produce fewer by-products compared to traditional chemical catalysts.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are a type of ______ used in biocatalysis.

Answer 4

biocatalyst

Question 5

What role do cofactors play in biocatalysis?

Answer 5

Cofactors assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions by providing additional chemical groups or facilitating electron transfer.

Question 6

Which type of biocatalyst is most commonly used in industry?

Answer 6

Enzymes

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a benefit of biocatalysis? A) High specificity B) Harsh reaction conditions C) Environmental friendliness

Answer 7

B) Harsh reaction conditions

Question 8

What is enzyme specificity?

Answer 8

Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and catalyze a specific substrate among many possible candidates.

Question 9

True or False: Biocatalysis can only be used for organic reactions.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What is the primary function of a biocatalyst?

Answer 10

To accelerate a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The process of using biocatalysts to convert substrates into products is known as ______.

Answer 11

biotransformation

Question 12

What are the two main classes of enzymes?

Answer 12

Globular and fibrous enzymes.

Question 13

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes can biocatalysis be used for? A) Synthesis of pharmaceuticals B) Waste treatment C) Food processing D) All of the above

Answer 13

D) All of the above

Question 14

What is substrate specificity?

Answer 14

The ability of an enzyme to selectively bind to a particular substrate.

Question 15

True or False: Enzymes can function outside of their natural environment.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is a bioreactor?

Answer 16

A bioreactor is a vessel or container where biocatalysis occurs, providing the necessary environment for the reaction.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The efficiency of an enzyme in catalyzing a reaction is measured by its ______.

Answer 17

turnover number

Question 18

What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Answer 18

Enzyme activity generally increases with temperature to a certain point, after which it may denature and lose activity.

Question 19

Multiple Choice: Which factor does NOT affect enzyme activity? A) pH B) Temperature C) Pressure D) Color

Answer 19

D) Color

Question 20

What is enzyme inhibition?

Answer 20

Enzyme inhibition occurs when a molecule binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.

Question 21

True or False: Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The region of the enzyme where substrate binding occurs is called the ______.

Answer 22

active site

Question 23

What is the role of temperature in biocatalysis?

Answer 23

Temperature affects the kinetic energy of molecules, influencing the rate of reaction and enzyme activity.

Question 24

What is the significance of pH in enzyme activity?

Answer 24

Each enzyme has an optimal pH range in which it functions best; deviations can lead to reduced activity or denaturation.

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a biocatalytic process? A) Fermentation B) Combustion C) Oxidation D) Polymerization

Answer 25

A) Fermentation

Question 26

What are enzymes?

Answer 26

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Question 27

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Fill in the blank: Enzymes typically end with the suffix _____

Answer 28

ase

Question 29

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 29

The region on the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Question 30

Name one factor that affects enzyme activity.

Answer 30

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, or inhibitors.

Question 31

What are competitive inhibitors?

Answer 31

Substances that bind to the active site of an enzyme, preventing substrate binding.

Question 32

True or False: Non-competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What is an allosteric site?

Answer 33

A site on an enzyme where a molecule can bind, changing the enzyme's shape and activity.

Question 34

Describe the lock and key model of enzyme action.

Answer 34

The model suggests that the enzyme's active site (lock) is precisely shaped to fit the substrate (key).

Question 35

What is a cofactor?

Answer 35

A non-protein chemical compound that is required for the biological activity of some enzymes.

Question 36

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of enzyme inhibition? A) Competitive B) Non-competitive C) Irreversible D) Direct

Answer 36

D) Direct

Question 37

Fill in the blank: Enzymes lower the _____ of a reaction.

Answer 37

activation energy

Question 38

What are zymogens?

Answer 38

Inactive precursors of enzymes that require a biochemical change to become active.

Question 39

True or False: Enzyme specificity means that an enzyme can catalyze many different reactions.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

What is a substrate?

Answer 40

The reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Question 41

Multiple Choice: Which factor does NOT affect enzyme activity? A) Temperature B) Enzyme concentration C) Color of the enzyme D) pH

Answer 41

C) Color of the enzyme

Question 42

What is the difference between reversible and irreversible inhibitors?

Answer 42

Reversible inhibitors can bind and unbind from the enzyme, while irreversible inhibitors permanently disable the enzyme.

Question 43

What is enzyme denaturation?

Answer 43

The process in which an enzyme loses its functional shape due to factors like heat or pH changes.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The _____ model suggests that the active site of an enzyme can change shape to fit the substrate.

Answer 44

induced fit

Question 45

What role do vitamins play in enzyme activity?

Answer 45

Vitamins often serve as precursors for coenzymes, which are essential for enzyme function.

Question 46

True or False: Enzymes can function at any concentration of substrate.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

What is substrate concentration's effect on enzyme activity?

Answer 47

Increasing substrate concentration increases enzyme activity until a maximum rate is reached (Vmax).

Question 48

Multiple Choice: Which of the following inhibitors can bind to an enzyme at a site other than the active site? A) Competitive B) Non-competitive C) Uncompetitive D) Both B and C

Answer 48

D) Both B and C

Question 49

What is the significance of enzyme kinetics?

Answer 49

It studies the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and helps understand enzyme activity and inhibition.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are often regulated by _____ that can enhance or inhibit their activity.

Answer 50

allosteric effectors

Question 51

What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Answer 51

Enzyme activity generally increases with temperature up to a certain point, after which it decreases due to denaturation.