BC Chapter 3

Question 1

Stresses

Pulls the material apart.

p. 68

Answer 1

tension/tensile stress

Question 2

Stresses

Squeezes the material

p. 68

Answer 2

Compression/Compressive stress

Question 3

Stresses

Slides one plane of a material past an adjacent plane.

p. 68

Answer 3

Shear

Question 4

Point at which a material ceases to perform satisfactorily.

p. 69

Answer 4

Failure point

Question 5

Ratio of the failure point of a material to the maximum design stress.

p. 69

Answer 5

Factor of Safety

Question 6

Load Types

A ___________ load is fixed in location and quantifiable. For example, a building’s permanent structural elements.

p. 70

Answer 6

Dead Load

Question 7

Load Types

A ________ load is not fixed or permanent. These loads are often not precisely quantifiable.

p. 70

Answer 7

Live load

Question 8

Load Classification

_______ loads are steady or applied gradually.

p. 70

Answer 8

Static Loads

Question 9

Load Classification

_________ loads involve motion and are capable of delivering energy greater than their weight.

p. 71

Answer 9

Dynamic Loads

Question 10

Examples of Dynamic Loads

(6)

p. 79

Answer 10

• Wind
• Moving vehicles
• Earthquakes
• Vibration
• Falling objects
• Emergency or maintenance work

Question 11

__________ loads produce highly localized forces and non-uniform loads in the supporting structure.

p. 72

Answer 11

Concentrated loads

Question 12

Water at a depth of 3” adds a static load of _____ pounds per square foot.

p.73

Answer 12

21 pounds

Question 13

In designing buildings to withstand wind forced, _________ pressure is used as the primary consideration.

p. 73

Answer 13

Direct Pressure

Question 14

The typical ‘life span’ of a building.

p. 74

Answer 14

50 years

Question 15

_________ loads are the most significant force generated by an earthquake.

p. 76

Answer 15

Lateral loads

Question 16

Structural Accommodations for Seismic Activity

Three typs of building accomoddations:

p. 76

Answer 16

• Expansion Joints
• Dampening Mechanisms
• Base isolation

Question 17

Dampening Mechanisms are typically installed between:

p.76

Answer 17

Collumns and beams

Question 18

Two types of base isolation methods:

p. 77

Answer 18

Shear systems -Elastomeric bearings between building and foundation

and

Sliding system - plates slide on each other; less common.

Question 19

Structural Stiffening Accomodations

Two types of structural stiffening strategies used to harden a structure:

p. 77

Answer 19

• Shear walls & cross bracing
• Structural support redundancy

Question 20

The pressure exerted by soil against a foundation is called:

p. 78

Answer 20

Active soli pressure

Question 21

The force of the foundation against the soil is known as:

p.78

Answer 21

Passive soil pressure

Question 22

A _________ is a structural member that carries a load perpendicular to its longitudinal dimension:

p. 79

Answer 22

Beam

Question 23

The primary design consideration of beams is:

p. 79

Answer 23

Their ability to resist being deformed from applied loads.

Question 24

Supported beneath both ends and free to rotate. A wood joist resting on a masonary wall is an example of a:

p. 79

Answer 24

Simply supported beam

Question 25

Rigidly supported at each end. Under a fire condition a _____________ beam may retain it's load-bearing ability longer than a simply supported beam. ## Footnote p. 79

Answer 25

Restrained beam

Question 26

Supported at one end; must be able to support a vertical load in addition to resisting bending stress: ## Footnote p. 79

Answer 26

Canilever beam

Question 27

Similar to cantilever beams but with additional support: ## Footnote p. 79

Answer 27

Overhanging beams

Question 28

Beam that may span several supports: ## Footnote p. 79

Answer 28

Continuous beam

Question 29

The center horizontal line of the beam's web is known as __________ because the tension and compression stresses are at zero. Also the maximum point of shear stress. p. 79

Answer 29

Neutral axis

Question 30

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are structural components designed to support an axial load. ## Footnote p. 80

Answer 30

Columns

Question 31

Tall, thin columns fail by: ## Footnote p. 80

Answer 31

_Buckling_

Question 32

Short, squat columns fail by: ## Footnote p. 80

Answer 32

_Crushing_

Question 33

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are framed structural units made up of a group of triangles in one plane: ## Footnote p. 82

Answer 33

_Trusses_

Question 34

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are three-dimensional truss structures. Well-suited to support uniformly distributed loads. ## Footnote p. 84

Answer 34

Space Frames

Question 35

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ walls carry compressive loads and provide lateral support. ## Footnote p. 84

Answer 35

_Load-bearing_

Question 36

Steel Studs are placed _____ to _____ inches apart. ## Footnote p. 84

Answer 36

12 to 16 inches

Question 37

A _________ structural system is charecterized by columns and beams reinforced to transmit bending stress through the joints. ## Footnote p. 86

Answer 37

Rigid frame

Question 38

Because of the high stress load at the connection between the concrete slab and column, the intersection is usually reinforced by: ## Footnote p. 87

Answer 38

a capital or drop panel