BCH

Question 1

Functions of carbohydrates

Answer 1

√source of energy
√Intermediates in the biosynthesis of starch and protein
√form structural tissues in plants and microorganisms (cellulose etc)
√modulates the immune system

Question 2

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 2

—homopolysaccharide
—heteropolysaccharide
—complex carbohydrates

Question 3

Importance of carbohydrates

Answer 3

• Metabolic/ nutritional
• Structural
• Communication
• Biosynthesis of other compounds

Question 4

3 carbons

Answer 4

Triose

Question 5

4 carbons

Answer 5

Tetrose

Question 6

5 carbons

Answer 6

Pentose

Question 7

6 carbons

Answer 7

Hexose

Question 8

Enantiomers

Answer 8

Mirror images of each other.

Question 9

Examples of enantiomers

Answer 9

D and L fructose

D and L glucose

Question 10

Examples of hyarulonate

Answer 10

Antibiotics

Proteoglycans

Question 11

Epimers

Answer 11

Differ only in the position of the carboxyl group on the carbon 4 e.g glyceraldehide

Question 12

3 types of sugar acids formed by aldoses

Answer 12

• Uronic acids
• Aldonic acids
• Saccharic acids

Question 13

Oxidation of aldose at the primary alcohol is

Answer 13

Uronic acid

Question 14

Oxidation of aldose at the carbonyl carbon is

Answer 14

Aldonic acid

Question 15

Oxidation of aldose at both the primary alcohol and the carbonyl carbon is

Answer 15

Saccharic acid

Question 16

What are amino sugars

Answer 16

Amino sugars are sugars formed by substitution of an amino group of sugar

Question 17

Common examples of amino sugars

Answer 17

Galactosamine

Glucosamine

Question 18

SUGARS WITH CORRESPONDING ALCOHOLS:

Glyceraldehyde

Answer 18

Glycerol

Question 19

Glucose

Answer 19

Glucitol

Question 20

Mannose

Answer 20

Mannitol

Question 21

Fructose

Answer 21

Sorbitol

Question 22

Galactose

Answer 22

Dulcitol

Question 23

Ribose

Answer 23

Ribitol

Question 24

Erythrose

Answer 24

Erithritol

Question 25

Xylose

Answer 25

Xylitol

Question 26

Lactose

Answer 26

Lactitol

Question 27

Maltose

Answer 27

Maltitol

Question 28

Examples of homopolysaccharides ( polymers of same type of polysaccharides)

Answer 28

Starch Glycogen Cellulose

Question 29

Examples of heteropolysaccharides (polymers of different types of polysaccharides)

Answer 29

Mucopolysaccharides | Agar

Question 30

Physical properties of monosaccharides

Answer 30

Crystalline form | Solubility

Question 31

Chemical properties of monosaccharides

Answer 31

Oxidation reactions | Reduction

Question 32

Physiological properties of monosaccharides

Answer 32

Nutritive value Sweetness Absorption

Question 33

Examples of glycosidases

Answer 33

Amygdalin | Laetrile