BCSE Physiology

Question 1

Ferrets, Llamas, cats, rabbits and other South American camelids (e.g. alpacas) are ………….. ovulators.

Answer 1

induced

Question 2

Rodents, Guinea pigs, sheep and dogs are ………….. ovulators.

Answer 2

Spontaneous

Question 3

Plasmin is an enzyme that breaks down ……….. through fibrinolysis. And ………. is the end product of clotting cascade.

Answer 3

fibrin, fibrin

Question 4

Histocytes are associated with ………… tissue.
Kuppfer cells are associated with ………….(organ)
…………….. are associated with bone

Answer 4

Connective, liver, osteoblasts

Question 5

First heart sound is made by the closure of …………… valves,
Second heart sound is made by the closure of ……………. and …………. valves.

Answer 5

Atrioventricular (mitral-left, tricuspid-right)

Seminular and pulmonic

Question 6

…………… is the period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart that occurs between the first and second heart sounds of the cardiac cycle.

Answer 6

Systol

Question 7

…………. is the refilling of the heart with blood after the cardiac cycle

Answer 7

Diastole

Question 8

ECG leads: white ………………….
green……….
black…………
red…………..

Answer 8

right front,
right rear

left front
left rear

Question 9

………………cells provide structural support, modulate neural communication, help produce myelin sheaths, and modulate the growth of developing and damaged neurons.

Answer 9

Glial

Question 10

Glial cells of CNS are …………., …………….., …………………

Answer 10

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia

Question 11

………………. cells are the neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They are equivalent to the oligodendrocytes

Answer 11

Schwann

Question 12

Myelin producing cells;
…………………… in CNS ,
…………………… in PNS

Answer 12

Oligodendrocytes in CNS
Schwann cells in PNS

Question 13

In …………. arrhythmia, heart rate increases with inhalation, decreases with inhalation

Answer 13

Sinus

Question 14

………………… ataxia: loss of ability to regulate movement.

Answer 14

Cerebellar

Question 15

……………….. ataxia; loss of equilibrum/balance

Answer 15

Vestibular

Question 16

…………….. ataxia; loss of awareness of position/movement of body parts.

Answer 16

Proprioceptive

Question 17

C. tetani produces a neurotoxin called ……………

Answer 17

Tetanospasmin

Question 18

What percentage of dietary energy for dairy cattle comes from volatile fatty acids (VFA)?

Answer 18

70% or more

Question 19

Ionophor antibiotics cause rumen microorganisms to produce more ……….. acid and less ………….. and …………. acids, thus increasing feed efficiency.

Answer 19

Propionic acid,

acetic and butyric acids

Question 20

…………… is a non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. Both of these characteristic make this virus capable of persisting in the environment and resistant to many disinfectants.

Answer 20

Calicivirus

Question 21

One of the best disinfectants for the calicivirus is dilute household …………..

Answer 21

Bleach

Question 22

In small animals, the small intestine is the only section of the GI tract with …….

Answer 22

vili

Question 23

Epithelial invaginations at the base of the vili are called ……………………..

Answer 23

Crypts of Liberkuhn

Question 24

……………… are the most common tumor in Equideae

Answer 24

Sarcoids

Question 25

Sarcoids are associated with ...........................virus infection

Answer 25

Bovine Papilloma

Question 26

It takes ............. days to detect the bone marrow response after an episode of severe hemorrhage in a dog.

Answer 26

3-5 days

Question 27

The ................. reticulum is a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum associated with striated and smooth muscle that stores and pumps calcium ions to initiate muscular contraction.

Answer 27

Sarcoplasmic

Question 28

Ice packs and alcohol baths is the treatment of ........................... syndrome.

Answer 28

Porcine Stress Syndrome

Question 29

The most common clinical immunodeficiency in foals is ................................of immunglobulins

Answer 29

failure of passive transfer

Question 30

Dogs and cats cannot synthesize ................. from skin exposure to UV light, so they have an absolute dietary requirement for it.

Answer 30

Vitamin D

Question 31

An imbalanced calcium; phosphorus ratio or inadequate dietary vit-D may cause nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in .................. (animal)

Answer 31

iguanas

Question 32

guinea pig gestation?

Answer 32

63-68 days

Question 33

hamster gestation

Answer 33

16 days

Question 34

gerbil gestation

Answer 34

25 days

Question 35

rat gestation

Answer 35

22 days

Question 36

chincilla gestation

Answer 36

111 days

Question 37

the most common sign of pain in animals following ovariohysterectomy

Answer 37

Changes in behaviour

Question 38

........................................ can lead to acsites, pleural +/- pericardial effusion, jugular venous distention, peripheral edema, and liver congestion.

Answer 38

Right sided congestive heart failure

Question 39

............................................. can lead to pulmonary edema, causing cough, exercise intolerance and tachypnea progressing to dyspnea.

Answer 39

Left sided congestive heart failure

Question 40

........................................... occurs due to either a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or an inability of the kidney to respond to ADH.

Answer 40

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)