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BDS4 PAEDIATRICS > BDS4 Paediatrics PPs > Flashcards

BDS4 Paediatrics PPs Flashcards

1
Q

What teeth should be probed in a BPE on a 13 year old?

A

16
11
26
36
31
46

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2
Q

What is the normal depth from ECJ to alveolar bone crest in teenagers?

A

0.4-1.9mm

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3
Q

What medical conditions would cause a 13 year old to have BPE scores of 3/

A

Epilepsy = phenytoin
Immunosuppression = cyclosporin
Diabetes

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4
Q

A child patient attends with a fractured 11.

List 3 questions you would ask in regards to traumatised tooth?

A
  • How long ago it occurred?
  • Is the tooth fragment accounted for?
  • How did it happen?
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5
Q

A child patient attends with a fractured 11.

List 4 things that determine the prognosis of the traumatised tooth when discussing with parents.

A
  • Stage of root development
  • Pulpal exposure [size & time]
  • Additional damage to PDL/alveolar support
  • Presence of infection
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6
Q

A child patient attends with a fractured 11. They cannot account for the lost fragment.

Where might you suspect the fragment of this tooth to be & how would you manage this? (3)

A

Swallowed fragment = A&E referral for scan

Inhaled fragment = A&E referral for chest x-ray

Embedded in soft tissue = radiograph to confirm & refer to OS for management

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7
Q

Parents complain that their child has white/yellow/brown stains on teeth.

List 8 questions you would ask the patients mum:

A

Prenatal = illness during pregnancy (gestational diabetes, anaemia)? issues in third trimester (pre-eclampsia)?

Perinatal = birth trauma or anoxia? hypokalaemia? pre-term birth? forceps?

Post natal = how long did child breastfeed? illness in early childhood?

Socioeconomic status?

Childhood infections? (measule, rubella, chickenpox)

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8
Q

Parents complain that their child has white/yellow/brown stains on teeth.

Teeth affected are all FPMs and incisors. What condition is this likely to be & is it inherited?

A

MIH
- not inherited

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9
Q

Parents complain that their child has white/yellow/brown stains on teeth.

List 5 questions you would ask to rule out fluorisis:

A
  • What toothpaste concentration is used?
  • Does pt live in fluorodated water zone?
  • Any fluoride supplement use?
  • Ask about OH regimine
  • Does child have access to high strength toothpaste indirectly
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10
Q

At what age should you begin palpating for canines in the buccal sulcus?

A

Age 9

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11
Q

An 8 year old child attends with hypodontia.

Name 2 syndromes associated with hypodontia:

A
  • Down’s Syndrome
  • Ectodermal Dysplasia
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12
Q

An 8 year old child attends with hypodontia.

How may hypodontia present to a GDP?

A
  • Asymmetric eruption
  • Delayed eruption
  • Missing primary teeth
  • Delayed exfoliation of primary tooth
  • Pt has cleft lip/palate
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13
Q

How can cleft lip & palate be classified?

A

LAHSHAL classification
- lip
- alveolus
- hard palate
- soft palate

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14
Q

An 8 year old child attends with hypodontia.

Of all the people with missing teeth, how many have missing primary teeth & how many have missing permanent teeth?

A

Primary hypodontia = <1%

Permanent hypodontia = approx. 6%

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15
Q

What 4 medical conditions are Down Syndrome children predisposed to?

A
  • Cardiac defects
  • Leukaemia
  • Epilepsy
  • Alzheimers
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16
Q

What are 4 general extra-oral features of down syndrome children?

A
  • Small nose & flat nasal bridge
  • Eyes that slant upwards and outwards
  • Flat back of head
  • Small mouth
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17
Q

What are 6 general intra-oral features of down syndrome children?

A
  • Macroglossia
  • Class III occlusion
  • Hypodontia
  • AOB
  • Microdontia
  • Hypoplasia
  • Periodontal disease predisposition
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18
Q

A 7 y/o high caries risk patient attends.

What are the things assessed when determining caries risk?

A
  • Fluoride use
  • Toothbrushing
  • Medical history
  • Diet
  • Previous evidence of caries
  • Social history/SIMD
  • Saliva quality
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19
Q

A child presents to your practise complaining of how their upper teeth look & you suspect fluorosis.

Where can fluoride be found in food?

A
  • Tea
  • Beer
  • Bony fish
  • Cucumber/pickles
  • Spinach
  • Potatoes
  • White rice
20
Q

The mother of a young child phones your practise stating that her son had ingested fluoride toothpaste and she is worried.

What 3 questions should you ask?

A
  • How old is the child?
  • What concentration is the toothpaste?
  • How much toothpaste swallowed?
21
Q

The mother of a young child phones your practise stating that her son had ingested fluoride toothpaste and she is worried.

If he has ingested a possible toxic dose, what is your advice?

A

<5mg/kg = give calcium orally (milk) and observe for a few hours

5-15mg/kg = give calcium orally (milk) and admit to hospital

> 15mg/kg = refer to hospital immediately for cardiac monitoring & support

22
Q

Why would you not use ferric sulphate in an anterior tooth?

A

Stains tooth!

23
Q

3 year old child attends with blisters on his gums.

What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

24
Q

3 year old child attends with blisters on his gums. You suspect primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

What other signs and symptoms may be present?

A
  • painful mouth so lack of food/fluid intake
  • halitosis
  • fever
  • malaise
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
25
Q

3 year old child attends with blisters on his gums. You suspect primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Initial infection of herpes simplex virus type 1

26
Q

3 year old child attends with blisters on his gums. You suspect primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

How is pt managed?

A
  • Reassure parents that lesions heal spontaneously in 7-10 days
  • Advise plenty of bed rest and fluid intake
  • Analgesic advice
  • OHI
  • Chlorhexidine use
27
Q

3 year old child attends with blisters on his gums. You suspect primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

What problems may arise in future?

A
  • herpes labialis
  • Bell’s palsy
28
Q

What are the indications for a SSC?

A
  • When >2 surfaces affected with extensive lesions
  • Space needs to be maintained
  • Poorly co-operating children that cannot cope with LA or conventional restorative work
  • MIH/enamel defect cases
29
Q

How is a SSC placed conventionally in a child?

A
  • LA
  • 1mm occlusal surface removed
  • contacts cleared
  • crown selected & sized
  • isolate & dry tooth
  • place GIC into crown and seat over tooth
  • wipe away excess cement & floss contacts
  • gingival blanching should be seen
30
Q

What are the advantages of planned XLA of 1st permanent molars?

A
  • If done at correct time, spontaneous closure will occur & 7 will move into 6 place
  • Allows for caries free dentition without spacing
  • Can be used as an orthodontic advantage
31
Q

What signs are indicative of suitability of FPM planned XLA?

A
  • Start of calcification of bifurcation of unerupted 7s
  • Ideally all premolars & 3rd molars present
  • Class 1 incisor relationship & mild buccal crowding
  • If medical history rules out endodontic procedures
32
Q

Name 2 disadvantages of planned FPM XLAs in children?

A
  • May require GA in children
  • Bad experience for child
33
Q

What is the most common cardiac defect in children? What condition is it most commonly associated with?

A

Ventricular septal defect

Down’s syndrome

34
Q

Name 6 medical issues seen in children with Down’s Syndrome:

A
  • leukaemia
  • epilepsy
  • hypothyroidism
  • periodontal disease
  • coeliac disease
  • alzheimers
35
Q

What are the disadvantages of microabrasion?

A
  • removes 100micron layer of enamel
  • requires protective apparatus
  • cannot be delegated to hygienist/therapist
36
Q

What is the triad of impairment in reference to patients with autism?

A

Core features/areas of difficulty commonly observed in individuals with autism
- Social interaction
- Social communication
- Social imagination

37
Q

What features do patients with autism have?

A
  • sensory sensitivity
  • learning difficulties
  • epilepsy
  • OCD
  • social struggles
38
Q

How may anxiety be measured in children?

A

MCDAS(f)
- 8-12 y/o
- Scores range from 8-45
- >19 indicate anxiety
- >27 extreme dental anxiety

39
Q

List 8 behavioural management techniques used to aid in the treatment of anxious children:

A
  • Tell-show-do
  • Positive reinforcement
  • Distraction
  • Desensitisation
  • CBT
  • Acclimatisation
  • Modelling
  • Allow control via stop signals
40
Q

What are the indications for placing fissure sealants?

A
  • All f[pits & fissures of 6s as soon after eruption for all children
  • If high caries risk = all Ds, Es, 5s, 6s & 7s
  • If pt has deep fissure pattern
  • If medically compromised
  • Learning disability
41
Q

Give 2 materials that can be used for placing fissure sealants:

A
  • Bis-GMA
  • GIC
42
Q

What are the 4 types of cerebral palsy?

A
  • Spastic
  • Ataxic
  • Athetoid
  • Mixed
43
Q

What is cystic fibrosis and why does it occur?

A
  • genetic disorder that causes thick & sticky mucous production + buildup
  • mutation of the CFTR gene
44
Q

What are the general signs & symptoms of CF?

A
  • Persistent cough with mucous production
  • Shortness of breath
  • Finger clubbing
  • Pancreatic insufficiency leading to poor digestion & nutritional deficiency
  • Failure to thrive in infants
  • Thick salivary condition
45
Q

What are the dental considerations of cystic fibrosis patients?

A
  • Xerostomia
  • Increased caries risk due to poor saliva quality
  • Avoidance of GA & sedation
46
Q
A

BDS4 PAEDIATRICS (5 decks)

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