Bec-A Grammar ch3

Question 1

4 contextual forces that may affect wether, how, to whom, and when a message is send:

Answer 1

1) legal & ethical constraints
2) diversity challenges
3) changing technology
4) team environment

We must also add-> organizational structure to the 4 contextual forces.

Question 2

Organizational structure

Answer 2

A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaption and which has worked well enough to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to these problems

Question 3

Clan culture ( internal focus& flexible)

Answer 3

A friendly workplace where leaders act like father figures.

Question 4

Adhocracy culture ( external focus & flexible)

Answer 4

A dynamic workplace with leaders who stimulate innovation.

Question 5

Market culture ( external focus & controlled)

Answer 5

A competitive workplace where leaders are hard drivers.

Question 6

Hierarchy culture ( internal focus & controlled)

Answer 6

A structured & formalized workplace where leaders act like coordinators or administrators.

Question 7

There are several dimensions to context like:

Answer 7

1) physical context
2) social context
3) chronological context
4) cultural context

• environmental factors may also affect what should be communicated and how.

Question 8

Physical context

Answer 8

It influences the content and quality of interaction.

Question 9

Social context

Answer 9

Refers to the nature of the relationship between the communicators as well as who is present.

Question 10

Cultural context

Answer 10

Includes both organizational culture as the cultural backgrounds of the people with whom you may be communicating

Question 11

Broadly speaking four channels of communication exist:

Answer 11

1) written communication
(memos, letters, emails, text messages Faxes)

2) oral communications
(face-to-face, interpersonal, speeches, meetings and voice messages)

3) Visual communications

4) nonverbal communications
(slide presentations, diagrams, photographs, charts and tables)

Question 12

Common channel choice considerations include:

Answer 12

1) richness versus leanness
2) need for interpretation
3) speed of a establishing contact
4) Time required for feedback
5) cost
6) amount of information conveyed
7) need for permanent record
8) Control over the message

Question 13

What are the characteristics you need to consider when thinking about your audience?

Answer 13

1) age
2) economic level
3) educational/occupational background

4) needs and concerns of the audience
5) culture
6) rapport
7) expectations

Question 14

Knowing who your audience is will help enhance your message before you write it, in the following ways:

Answer 14

1) establishes rapport and credibility needed to build long-lasting personal and business relationship
2) permits you to address the audience needs and concerns
3) simplifies the task of organizing your message

Question 15

Libel

Answer 15

Written defamatory remarks

Question 16

Slander

Answer 16

Spoken defamatory remarks

Question 17

Outlining

Answer 17

The process of identifying central ideas and details and arranging them in the right sequence (should be completed prior to writing)

Question 18

Outlining before communicating complex messages provides numerous benefits (sender)

Answer 18

1) encourages accuracy and brevity
2) permits concentration on one phase at a time
3) saves time in structuring ideas
4) provides a psychological lift
5) facilitates emphasis and de-emphasizes

Question 19

Outlining before communicating complex messages provides numerous benefits (receiver)

Answer 19

1) The message is more concise and accurate
2) relationships between ideas are easier to distinguish and remember
3) reactions to the message and its sender are more likely to be positive

Question 20

The following bases for idea sequence are common:

Answer 20

1) Time
2) Space
3) Familiarity
4) importance

Question 21

Deductive approach

Answer 21

1) Audience reaction is pleased or interested

2) The main idea is followed by details

Question 22

Inductive approach

Answer 22

1) audience reaction is negative or displeased

2) details are followed by the main idea

Question 23

Process for planning and preparing spoken and written messages:

Answer 23

1) consider the applicable contextual forces.
2) determine the purpose and select an appropriate channel & medium
3) envision the audience
4) adapt the message to audience needs & concerns
5) organize the message
6) prepare the first draft(ch4)