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Beef production from the suckler herd Flashcards

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1
Q

Traditional breeds in Ireland =

A

Angus
Hereford
Early maturing breeds

Lower mature weight, greater fat deposition potential, lower calving difficulty, used on dairy cows/heifers

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2
Q

Continental breeds in Ireland=

A

Charolais
Limousine - France
Simmental - Austria
- dual purpose
Belgium Blue
- mutation in a gene for double muscle

Late maturing

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3
Q

What breed brought the Dual purpose?

A

simmental
Dairy and beef

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4
Q

In ireland do we go for purebreads or cross breads?

A

mostly cross breads

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5
Q

What is our beef system in Ireland ?
What does it revolve around?

A

Pastoral system (following the growth of grass):

*System revolve around matching grass supply to animal requirements during the grazing season

*While also ensuring sufficient silage is produced for the indoor winter period,

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6
Q

List the two beef herd types:

A

-Contentinal cross with high terminal traits

-Traditional beef breeds cross with dairy cows with high maternal traits

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7
Q

Whats the objective of the suckler beef production system?

A

The objective in suckler beef production is to produce animals or carcasses of good conformation suitable for the high priced EU Markets

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8
Q

What is the aim for progeny to have?

A

–High growth rates
–Good conformation
–Good food conversion efficiency
–High lean meat content

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9
Q

Whats the aim for the dam to have ?

A

–Easily maintained
–Good reproductive performance
–Good survivability
–Satisfactory milk production potential

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10
Q

Why is bull selection so important ?

A

–growth rate
–carcass quality (fatness and conformation)
–Calving difficulty

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11
Q

What are continental breeds best for?

A

Continental breeds best for growth rate and carcass quality, but calving difficulty could be a problem

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12
Q

How many suckler farms use Stock bull vs AI?

A

Stock bull (82%) versus A.I. (18%)

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13
Q

The proportion of suckler cows bred to late-maturing sire breeds has increased from ?% in 1992 to ?% in 2007.

A

78%

87%

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14
Q

What is the number one breed of sire in irish suckler herds followed by which breed

A
  1. limousine
    - siring 38% of all beef calves

followed by:
- Charolais - 35%

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15
Q

what is a desirable feature of cattle breeding in Ireland over the last 25 years

A

the substantial increase in the proportion of the calf crop, which are the progeny of late maturing breeds and their crosse

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16
Q

what was the proportion of continental crossbred suckler cows in:
1992
1998
2017

A

1992 = 29%
1998 = 52%
2017 = >75%

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17
Q

what has the proportion of suckler cows bred to late - maturing sire breeds increased by
1992
1998
2017

A

1992 = 78%
1998 = 83%
2017 = 85%

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18
Q

what is the number 1 breed of beef cow in ireland with what % of all beef calving

A

Limousin
- 34% of all beef calves

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19
Q

what is hybrid vigour

A

Ability of crossbred animals to surpass average performance of their purebred parents

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20
Q

what are the advantages of hybrid vigour

A
  1. reproductive
  2. productive
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21
Q

advantage of hybrid vigour in terms of reproductive

A

Reproductive
–earlier age at puberty
–better conception rate
–better calving rate
–shorter calving interval
–longer reproductive life
–lower calf mortality

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22
Q

advantage of hybrid vigour in terms of Productive

A
  • higher calf birth weight
  • better growth rate
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23
Q

what are the % advantages of hybrid vigour

A

60% advantage from a higher calf crop
40% better pre-weaning calf growth

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24
Q

what do the continental crossbred cows give progeny (5)

A
  1. higher growth rate especially post weaning
  2. heavier carcase weights
  3. better confirmation
  4. higher lean meat content
  5. continental cross cows are likely to have a higher cull value
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25
what are the ideal characteristics of a cow (3)
1. good beef confirmation (min50% continental) 2. goof milk production to give good weight at weaning (300kg at 7 months) 3. crossbred cow ideal (to avail of hybrid vigour)
26
list the suitable crossbreds
- friesan x Hereford - Friesan x Limousin - friesan x simmental - Friesan X charolais - Limousin X (Friesan X charolais)
27
Improvements from heterosis in suckler cow
compared to purebred there has been an improvement overall in the calf weaned per cow to bull purebred = 100 crossbred = 113
28
Performance of bull and heifer progeny of Hereford x Fr (Hf) and Limousin x Fr (Lf) cow
- 14kg carcass weight difference with bulls - killout has a high influence in relation to carcass sales
29
Comparing the differences between HF vs LF cows
- BCS was higher for HF than for LF cows - Bull progeny of LF cows had a higher kill-out %, a heavier carcass weight and a lower carcass fat score . - When averaged for bulls and heifers, LF progeny had 10.4 kg heavier carcasses and a 1.2 unit lower fat score on a scale of 1 to 15 than HF progeny Results indicate advantages in terms of carcass weight for age and carcass leanness from using LF compared to HF
30
as continental cows are heavier than traditional cows, what does that give rise to?
increased maintenance requirement and therefore higher feed costs
31
what is the silage requirements for each cow Hereford X 550kg Limousin X Fr 565kg Simmental X FR 600kg
Hereford X 550kg ---> 5.5 Limousin X Fr 565kg ---> 5.6 Simmental X FR 600kg --->5.9
32
where are suckler cow replacement from
Traditionally from dairy herd *Mostly early-maturing British beef breed crosses *Increasingly => Continental breed crosse
33
what has happened to replacement cows in recent years?
Increased retention of replacements from within suckler herd - more purebred!!
34
list 5 cow genotypes
*Limousin x Friesian (LF) *Limousin x (Limousin x Friesian) (LLF) *Limousin (L) *Charolais (C) *Simmental x (Limousin x Friesian) (SLF)
35
when do cows first calve
2 years of age
36
what type of sires are used on beef cows
*1st parity = Limousin (easy-calving) *2nd & 3rd parity = Charolais
37
what is a cows winter diet
winter Diet: grass silage ad libitum
38
what is the diet of bulls and when are they slaughtered
- Diet: grass silage ad libitum & 5.0 kg conc. daily - Slaughtered @ 15 months of age
39
what is the diet of Heifers and when are they slaughtered
–Second grazing season & then housed –Diet: grass silage ad libitum & 3.5 kg conc. daily –Slaughtered @ 20 months of ag
40
SUCKLER COW GENOTYPE COMPARISON slide31
41
what had progeny from LF & SLF dams higher ?
–humoral immunity –pre-weaning daily gain & weaning weight –carcass weight per day of ag
42
what progeny have the highest carcass confirmation score
L, C & SLF
43
what progeny had lowest carcass fat score
L&C
44
what is the basis of the Derrypatrick herd in Lyons (4) Genotype
LM X FR LM X SI LM X CH CH XSI
45
why is there a decline in carcass quality of the dairy her
due to the influence of the HF breed, –Thus both the availability and quality of beef × dairy replacement heifers are reduced
46
what does replacements from within the suckler herd ensure (4)
- Suitable breeding animals (with satisfactory milk production potential) -Reduced danger of disease introduction (Biosecurity) - Avoids the cost of assembling replacements. - There are a wide range of options –Milk production potential –cross-breeding must be seriously considered in order to avail of hybrid vigour
47
what are the 4 main types of suckler cow replacement based on continental breeds
1. Half and three-quarter bred beef cows 2. Two-or three-breed rotational crossing 3. Composite breeding 4. Pure breeding
48
what does crossing two-breed rotation is a simple breeding programme result in
improved fertility and some increase in milk production
49
how can a two breed rotation be improved
including a third breed resulting in a three-breed-rotational cross
50
what level of heterosis in the F1 generation is maintained during Two- and three-breed rotational crossing
about 2/3, and 6/7 of the level of heterosis in the F1 (first cross) generation
51
what does composite breeding involve
s the development of a new breed
52
how is a composite breed developed
from four pure breeds (A B C and D) which are complimentary to each other
53
example of a composite breed
- Breeds A and B are crossed as are breeds C and D - The males from one cross are then bred to the females of the other to produce a composite consisting of ¼ A, ¼ B, ¼ C and ¼ D
54
what % of the herd need to be bred to composite sires to produce herd replacements with the remainder bred to a terminal sire
40%
55
what does pure breeding involve emphasises on
on both maternal and terminal traits
56
what does pure breeding system produces
high quality animals it is not as simple as first apparent and there is obviously no hybrid vigour as in all of the other systems.
57
what traits has there being a past heavy focus on within the suckler beef industry
terminal traits. - No gain in key maternal traits.
58
terminal index %
feed intake = 16% carcass traits = 56% calving traits = 26% docility = 2%
59
replacement index %
fertility = 23% calving traits = 16% beef traits = 21% milk = 18% feed intake of cow and calf = 18% docility = 4%
60
euro star replacement index
slide 44/46
61
within the euro star replacement index, cow traits make up __%
71%
62
whats The Irish Beef Genomics Scheme
Focused on breeding more profitable, sustainable and carbon efficient cows.
63
what is The Irish Beef Genomics Scheme funded from and how much
EU Rural Development Program - €300m total funding 6 years
64
how much do farmers pay each year per cow/year to complete key action
€90/cow/year
65
what is Ireland being built towards
DNA based calf registrations and increased genetic gain
66
Beef Data & genomics programs launched in 2015 how many farmers
total of 24k farmers with 550k cows signed up to scheme
67
key actions for 4&5 star females
farmers must have a minimum of 20% of breeding females as 4 or 5 stars by 2018 and 50% by 2020 at least one breeding male must be 4 or 5 star by 2019
68
advantages of 5 star cows(3)
1. produce more calves, go back in calf quicker and survive longer 2. have more milk and rear calves with better growth rates 3. produce cattle which finish earlier with heavier carcasses
69
how are high reliability bulls selected
Bulls high reliability bulls (>70%; AA and LM) selected based on their maternal inde
70
WHAT IS THE replacement index
identification of animals suitable for breeding or selecting replacements
71
what is replacement index based on
the performance of a cow per calving (which includes the performance of any progeny born from that calving)
72
if a cow has a replacement index of €100 what is it expected to leave
€100 more profit/calving (including her progeny performance from that calving), compared to a cow with a value of zero
73
what are the 3 main drivers of profitability?
1. animal performance 2. pasture utilisation 3. increased profitability
74
Replacement Index and Replacement Strategy
slide 58,59,60
75
management of single suckling systems (7)
-Calving date -Getting cows in calf -Feed requirements - Condition scores - Stocking rate/grazing systems - Weaning - Diseases
76
what produced heavier calves at weaning
BDX cows - higher milk production
77
what sort of calves to beef cows produce
progeny suitable for calf-to-beef system
78
what sort of calves to BDX cows produce
progeny suitable for calf-to-weaning system

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