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beethoven pathetique Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

what does pathetique mean?

A

moving or emotional or passionate

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2
Q

what genre is the piece?

A

a sonata

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3
Q

what period is this piece from?

A

the classical period though it shows early signs of the romantic style to come

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4
Q

when was the piece written?

A

between 1796-1799 (published in 1799)

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5
Q

what is the range of the first movement of the pathetique?

A

5 octaves

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6
Q

what dynamic range does beethoven use?

A

pp to ff

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7
Q

what was new about the pianos?

A
  • the ability to use dynamics
  • more keys so greater range
  • could play more notes at once i think
  • sustaining pedal (though there aren’t any markings in the og edition Beethoven probably used it in his performances)
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8
Q

how does beethoven exploit his resources?

A
  • long and rapid descents
  • wide leaps
  • use of different registers (hands crossing etc)
  • dynamics
  • thick dense chords
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9
Q

what features are more romantic-y?

A
  • emotional outbursts
  • extreme contrast in dynamics
  • adventurous choice of keys
  • unusual structure (slow intro)
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10
Q

what are the three main sections of sonata form?

A
  • exposition
  • development
  • recapitulation
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11
Q

what does the transition of a sonata do?

A

it links the first and second subjects

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12
Q

what does the codetta in a sonata do?

A

ends the exposition by affirming the related key to which the music has modulated

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13
Q

what does the coda in a sonata do?

A

ends the movement by affirming its tonic key

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14
Q

what are the sections of the piece?

A
  • slow intro
  • exposition (first subject)
  • exposition (second subject)
  • development
  • recapitulation
  • coda
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15
Q

what tempo is the introduction?

A

grave (very slow

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16
Q

what is the texture of the introduction?

A

homophonic (melody dominated homophony, chordal)

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17
Q

what key is the introduction?

A

C minor - though modulates briefly to Eb maj

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18
Q

what are the dynamics like in the introduction?

A

lots of dynamic contrast, use of fortepiano and sforzando and also use of silence

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19
Q

what kind of chords are used in the intro?

A

diminished 7ths

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20
Q

what is the melody of the intro like?

A
  • has a 6-note motif
  • scalic/virtuosic flourishes
  • ends on long descending chromatic scale
  • sequences
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21
Q

what sort of cadences are there?

A

perfect cadences at the end of the movement and an interrupted cadence in the introduction

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22
Q

what is the tempo marking for the exposition?

Study These Flashcards
A

allegro di molto e con brio (very fast and with vigour)

23
Q

which key is the first subject in?

24
Q

what is the melody of the first subject like?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • staccato
  • rises scalically
  • has sforzandos and crescendos from piano
  • descending arpeggios towards the end
  • periodic phrasing
25
what key does the transition modulate to and how?
- modulates towards the expected key of Eb major (relative minor) - uses a rising chromatic pedal in left hand - pedal ends up on Bb (dominant of Eb) - dominant preparation
26
what key is the second subject in?
starts in Eb minor - which is unexpected (Eb maj was expected), but the second part is in the expected key of Eb major
27
what are the features of the first part of the second subject?
- acciaccaturas - hand-crossing - stepwise descending phrases - mordents - dominant pedal in left hand
28
what are some features of the second half of the second subject?
- broken chord texture (alberti bass) - crescendo - contrary motion
29
what key is the codetta in?
Eb major
30
what is the cadence at the end of the codetta?
imperfect cadence
31
what is the opening of the development like?
begins with four bars of the intro but in the key of G minor - unusual structurally
32
what is the tempo marking for the development?
goes back to grave for four bars then back to allegro molto e con brio
33
what key is the development in?
starts in G minor for four bars then has an abrupt modulation to E minor (unrelated key) also modulates through Dmaj and Gmin
34
what pedal is there in the development?
a pedal on the D played in rapid alternating octaves in the bass - long dominant preparation
35
how does the development end?
- passage of trills leading to a descending monophonic quaver passage in the right hand
36
what is the recapitulation like?
repeats music of the exposition but alters the keys of the second subject material
37
what key is the second subject in in the recapitulation?
starts in F minor (subdominant of tonic) but moves to tonic of C minor
38
how does the recapitulation finish?
two fortissimo dim7 chords
39
what are the tempo markings of the coda?
start with four bars in grave but then finish with 12 bars of allegro molto e con brio
40
what changes are made to the introduction in the coda?
first chord is removed
41
what subject is used in the coda? (other than the intro)
first subject
42
how does the coda/piece end? (cadence + dynamics)
on a perfect cadence using a dominant 7th in the tonic key, fortissimo
43
what section uses the circle of fifths?
the recapitulation
44
what kind of chords are used in the first subject?
augmented 6ths
45
what ornaments does Beethoven use?
- acciaccaturas - mordent - trill
46
what are general melodic features of the piece?
- scalic passages - arpeggios - broken chords - ornaments
47
what does the melody of the transition do?
it gets augmented (doubles in length)
48
what is the texture of the second subject?
melody dominated homophony
49
what is the texture of the second part of the second subject?
two part music
50
what does the right hand play in towards the end of the development? (right before the monophonic descending scaley bit)
plays in thirds with trills
51
what is the time signature of the intro?
4/4 (common time)
52
what is the time signature of the allegro molto e con brio sections?
2/2 (cut time or alla breve)
53
what sort of rhythms does the piece use?
- dotted rhythms (intro) - very short notes - staccato crotchets (in RH of first subject) - continuous quavers in LH (esp in first subject) - create the effect of an ostinato - quavers in both hands drive the music forward - occasional syncopation among the staccato crotchets

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